Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25784162›Full record

ArticleMolecular microbiology2015

An expanded regulatory network temporally controls Candida albicans biofilm formation.

Emily P Fox, Catherine K Bui, Jeniel E Nett, Nairi Hartooni, Michael C Mui, David R Andes, Clarissa J Nobile, Alexander D Johnson

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
112citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

112 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Two Ume6 target gene classes in the biofilm regulatory network ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Profound cell wall remodeling inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. StudyingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Fungal biofilms in human health and disease.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025
    Review
  10. New Curcumin Analogue (PAC) InhibitsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  11. Pilocarpine inhibitsMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Microorganisms · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Secreted Aspartic Proteinases: Key Factors inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emily P FoxDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Catherine K BuiSchool of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
Jeniel E NettDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Nairi HartooniDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael C MuiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
David R AndesDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Clarissa J NobileSchool of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
Alexander D JohnsonDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Vesicle-mediated drug resistance of Candida albicans biofilmR01AI073289 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ANDES, DAVID R, MITCHELL, AARON P · 2008 to 2025
$7.9M
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host DefenseT32AI060537 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Joanne N. Engel · 2004 to 2026
$6.5M
The transcriptional circuitry controlling biofilm development in Candida albicansR01AI083311 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSON, ALEXANDER D · 2011 to 2020
$4.3M
Mechanisms of Candida Biofilm Immune EvasionK08AI108727 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI NETT, JENIEL E · 2014 to 2018
$960k
Genetic Analysis of the Transcriptional Network Governing C. albicans BiofilmsR00AI100896 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, MERCED · PI NOBILE, CLARISSA JANE · 2014 to 2015
$498k
NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI108727NIAID NIH HHS K08AI108727NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI100896NIAID NIH HHS R00AI100896NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073289NIAID NIH HHS R01AI073289NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI083311NIAID NIH HHS R01AI083311NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060537NIAID NIH HHS T32AI060537
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Candida albicans biofilms are composed of highly adherent and densely arranged cells with properties distinct from those of free-floating (planktonic) cells. These biofilms are a significant medical problem because they commonly form on implanted medical devices, are drug resistant and are difficult to remove. C. albicans biofilms are not static structures; rather they are dynamic and develop over time. Here we characterize gene expression in biofilms during their development, and by comparing them to multiple planktonic reference states, we identify patterns of gene expression relevant to biofilm formation. In particular, we document time-dependent changes in genes involved in adhesion and metabolism, both of which are at the core of biofilm development. Additionally, we identify three new regulators of biofilm formation, Flo8, Gal4, and Rfx2, which play distinct roles during biofilm development over time. Flo8 is required for biofilm formation at all time points, and Gal4 and Rfx2 are needed for proper biofilm formation at intermediate time points.

Indexed as

BiofilmsCandida albicansFungal ProteinsGene ExpressionFungal Proteins

Identifiers

PMID25784162
PMCPMC4464956

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.