ArticleBMJ open2015
The pathway to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: a questionnaire study.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Increasing Trends in Hospitalisation With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Among Children and Youth in the United States and England, 2002-2020.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- An international consensus on screening and monitoring early-stage type 1 diabetes: A roadmap to European implementation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Acceleration of type 1 diabetes onset during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Initial observations on the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following pilot screening for type 1 diabetes in the general Italian population.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and new-onset type 1 diabetes in the post-acute period among children and young people in England.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Article
- Presentation and characteristics of children with screen-detected type 1 diabetes: learnings from the ELSA general population pediatric screening study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Article
- Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana'a, Yemen.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Epidemiologic Characteristics of Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treated in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in a 10-Year-Period: Single Centre Experience in Croatia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: Are certified athletic trainers an untapped resource?Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Article
- Lived Experiences of Mothers with Diabetic Children from the Transfer of Caring Role.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2018Article
- Fluctuations in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the United States from 2001 to 2015: a longitudinal study.BMC medicine · 2017Article
- A survey of youth with new onset type 1 diabetes: Opportunities to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis.Pediatric diabetes · 2017Article
- Wasting the doctor's time? A video-elicitation interview study with patients in primary care.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2017Article
- Opportunities for primary care to reduce hospital admissions: a cross-sectional study of geographical variation.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Article
- "Puddles on the Road": Hurdles in the Pathway from Symptoms to Diagnosis and Treatment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo explore the pathway to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children.
designQuestionnaire completed by parents.
participantsParents of children aged 1 month to 16 years diagnosed with T1D within the previous 3 months.
settingChildren and parents from 11 hospitals within the East of England.
results88/164 (54%) invited families returned the questionnaire. Children had mean±SD age of 9.41±4.5 years. 35 (39.8%) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis. The most common symptoms were polydipsia (97.7%), polyuria (83.9%), tiredness (75.9%), nocturia (73.6%) and weight loss (64.4%) and all children presented with at least one of those symptoms. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis ranged from 2 to 315 days (median 25 days). Most of this was the appraisal interval from symptom onset until perceiving the need to seek medical advice. Access to healthcare was good but one in five children presenting to primary care were not diagnosed at first encounter, most commonly due to waiting for fasting blood tests or alternative diagnoses. Children diagnosed at first consultation had a shorter duration of symptoms (p=0.022) and children whose parents suspected the diagnosis were 1.3 times more likely (relative risk (RR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.67) to be diagnosed at first consultation.
conclusionsChildren present with the known symptoms of T1D but there is considerable scope to improve the diagnostic pathway. Future interventions targeted at parents need to address the tendency of parents to find alternative explanations for symptoms and the perceived barriers to access, in addition to symptom awareness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.