ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2015
Mixed HCV infection and reinfection in people who inject drugs--impact on therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- APASL consensus statements and recommendations for hepatitis C prevention, epidemiology, and laboratory testing.Hepatology international · 2016Guideline
- Recommendations for the management of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Guideline
- Genomic surveillance uncovers regional variation in HCV transmission networks in rural United States.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Multiple Approaches to Genetic Sequencing to Identify Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among People Who Inject Drugs.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The analysis of the epidemic status and risk factors associated with different genotypes Clostridioides difficile mixed infection.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C-Everything a Primary Care Physician Needs to Know About Diagnosis, Management, and Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Northern Thailand: A Retrospective Study from 2016 to 2024.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Quantifying prevalence and risk factors of HIV multiple infection in Uganda from population-based deep-sequence data.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Mixed Infections Unravel Novel HCV Inter-Genotypic Recombinant Forms within the Conserved IRES Region.Viruses · 2024Article
- Host immune players and their response to Hepatitis C therapies.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Country versus pharmaceutical company interests for hepatitis C treatment.Health care management science · 2022Article
- Molecular source attribution.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Towards a Systems Immunology Approach to Understanding Correlates of Protective Immunity against HCV.Viruses · 2021Review
- Innovations in Hepatitis C Screening and Treatment.Hepatology communications · 2021Review
- Distribution of HCV Genotypes Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tunisia: New Evidence for Scaling Up Prevention and Treatment Toward National Elimination Goal.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Life after hepatitis C cure in HIV-infected people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men treated with direct-acting antivirals in France: Health perceptions and experiences from qualitative and quantitative findings (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH).Journal of viral hepatitis · 2020Article
- [Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C among injecting drug users in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2020Review
- Antibody avidity-based approach to estimate population-level incidence of hepatitis C.Journal of hepatology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of new and existing cases of HCV infection in high-income countries occur among people who inject drugs (PWID). Ongoing high-risk behaviours can lead to HCV re-exposure, resulting in mixed HCV infection and reinfection. Assays used to screen for mixed infection vary widely in sensitivity, particularly with respect to their capacity for detecting minor variants (<20% of the viral population). The prevalence of mixed infection among PWID ranges from 14% to 39% when sensitive assays are used. Mixed infection compromises HCV treatment outcomes with interferon-based regimens. HCV reinfection can also occur after successful interferon-based treatment among PWID, but the rate of reinfection is low (0-5 cases per 100 person-years). A revolution in HCV therapeutic development has occurred in the past few years, with the advent of interferon-free, but still genotype-specific regiments based on direct acting antiviral agents. However, little is known about whether mixed infection and reinfection has an effect on HCV treatment outcomes in the setting of new direct-acting antiviral agents. This Review characterizes the epidemiology and natural history of mixed infection and reinfection among PWID, methodologies for detection, the potential implications for HCV treatment and considerations for the design of future studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.