ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Escherichia coli α-hemolysin counteracts the anti-virulence innate immune response triggered by the Rho GTPase activating toxin CNF1 during bacteremia.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Characterization of Phylogroups, Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance in Canine Pyometra-associated Escherichia coli.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins: mechanisms and implications for host immunity.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Guards and decoys: RIPoptosome and inflammasome pathway regulators of bacterial effector-triggered immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- RAC2 gain-of-function variants causing inborn error of immunity drive NLRP3 inflammasome activation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Virulence Factor Genes in InvasiveMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Optineurin links Hace1-dependent Rac ubiquitylation to integrin-mediated mechanotransduction to control bacterial invasion and cell division.Nature communications · 2022Article
- C910 chemical compound inhibits the traffiking of several bacterial AB toxins with cross-protection against influenza virus.iScience · 2022Article
- Bacillus cereus Invasive Infections in Preterm Neonates: an Up-to-Date Review of the Literature.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- The C5a/C5aR1 Axis Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Acute Cystitis Through Enhancement of Adhesion and Colonization of UropathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory properties of CNF1 toxin fromAmerican journal of cancer research · 2022Review
- The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNFs)-A Family of Rho GTPase-Activating Bacterial Exotoxins.Toxins · 2021Review
- Bacterial Morphotypes as Important Trait for UropathogenicMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- Mobile Colistin Resistance Enzyme MCR-3 Facilitates Bacterial Evasion of Host Phagocytosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- RhoGTPases and inflammasomes: Guardians of effector-triggered immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Escherichia coli Rho GTPase-activating toxin CNF1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via p21-activated kinases-1/2 during bacteraemia in mice.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Crystal structure of bacterial cytotoxic necrotizing factor CNFThe EMBO journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Transport Properties of Gramicidin A Ion Channel in a Free-Standing Lipid Bilayer Filled With Oil Inclusions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The detection of the activities of pathogen-encoded virulence factors by the innate immune system has emerged as a new paradigm of pathogen recognition. Much remains to be determined with regard to the molecular and cellular components contributing to this defense mechanism in mammals and importance during infection. Here, we reveal the central role of the IL-1β signaling axis and Gr1+ cells in controlling the Escherichia coli burden in the blood in response to the sensing of the Rho GTPase-activating toxin CNF1. Consistently, this innate immune response is abrogated in caspase-1/11-impaired mice or following the treatment of infected mice with an IL-1β antagonist. In vitro experiments further revealed the synergistic effects of CNF1 and LPS in promoting the maturation/secretion of IL-1β and establishing the roles of Rac, ASC and caspase-1 in this pathway. Furthermore, we found that the α-hemolysin toxin inhibits IL-1β secretion without affecting the recruitment of Gr1+ cells. Here, we report the first example of anti-virulence-triggered immunity counteracted by a pore-forming toxin during bacteremia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.