Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25781923›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2015

Exome sequencing in an admixed isolated population indicates NFXL1 variants confer a risk for specific language impairment.

Pía Villanueva, Ron Nudel, Alexander Hoischen, María Angélica Fernández, Nuala H Simpson, Christian Gilissen, Rose H Reader, Lillian Jara, María Magdalena Echeverry, Maria Magdalena Echeverry and 14 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
9.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Rare Homozygous Variants inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 14 institutions in 6 countries.

Pía VillanuevaHuman Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Child and Dental Maxillary Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Doctoral Program of Psychology, Graduate School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Ron NudelWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Alexander HoischenDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
María Angélica FernándezSchool of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Nuala H SimpsonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Christian GilissenDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Rose H ReaderWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Lillian JaraHuman Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
María Magdalena EcheverryGrupo de Citogenetica, Filogenia y Evolucion de las Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Colombia.
Maria Magdalena Echeverry
Clyde FrancksMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Gillian BairdNewcomen Centre, the Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Gina Conti-RamsdenSchool of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Anne O'HareDepartment of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Patrick F BoltonDepartments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Elizabeth R HennessyUniversity Child Health and DMDE, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
SLI Consortium
Hernán PalominoDepartment of Child and Dental Maxillary Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Luis Carvajal-CarmonaGrupo de Citogenetica, Filogenia y Evolucion de las Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Colombia; UC Davis Genome Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
Joris A VeltmanDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Jean-Baptiste CazierDepartment of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
Zulema De BarbieriSchool of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Simon E FisherMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Dianne F NewburyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; St Johns College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of Chile · CLCentre for Human Genetics · GBRadboud University Medical Center · NLRadboud University Nijmegen · NLUniversity of Oxford · GBEvelina London Children's Healthcare · GBKing's College London · GBMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics · NLUniversity of Aberdeen · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GBUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of Edinburgh · GBUniversity of Manchester · GBUniversity of Tolima · CO

Funding

UC Davis Paul Calabresi K12 Clinical Oncology Research Career Development ProgramK12CA138464 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI BIRKELAND, ANDREW CHARLES, LARA, PRIMO N. · 2011 to 2025
$11.4M
INVESTIGATOR DEVELOPMENT COREP30AG043097 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI HINTON, WALTER LADSON · 2012 to 2017
$2.9M
Medical Research Council G0900747Medical Research Council G0900747 91070Medical Research Council MR/J003719/1NCI NIH HHS K12 CA138464NCI NIH HHS K12CA138464NIA NIH HHS P30 AG043097NIA NIH HHS P30AG043097Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 060774Wellcome Trust 076566Wellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children affected by Specific Language Impairment (SLI) fail to acquire age appropriate language skills despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. SLI is highly heritable, but the understanding of underlying genetic mechanisms has proved challenging. In this study, we use molecular genetic techniques to investigate an admixed isolated founder population from the Robinson Crusoe Island (Chile), who are affected by a high incidence of SLI, increasing the power to discover contributory genetic factors. We utilize exome sequencing in selected individuals from this population to identify eight coding variants that are of putative significance. We then apply association analyses across the wider population to highlight a single rare coding variant (rs144169475, Minor Allele Frequency of 4.1% in admixed South American populations) in the NFXL1 gene that confers a nonsynonymous change (N150K) and is significantly associated with language impairment in the Robinson Crusoe population (p = 2.04 × 10-4, 8 variants tested). Subsequent sequencing of NFXL1 in 117 UK SLI cases identified four individuals with heterozygous variants predicted to be of functional consequence. We conclude that coding variants within NFXL1 confer an increased risk of SLI within a complex genetic model.

Indexed as

Genetic Association StudiesApraxiasCarrier ProteinsChildChild, PreschoolExomeFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetics, PopulationHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleMembrane ProteinsCarrier ProteinsMembrane ProteinsNFXL1 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID25781923
PMCPMC4363375
OpenAlexW2088965485

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.