ArticlePloS one2015
MRSA clonal complex 22 strains harboring toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) are endemic in the primary hospital in Gaza, Palestine.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Methicillin-ResistantToxins · 2020Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology and geographical variation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a multicentre study across Xinjiang, China.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) inToxins · 2025Review
- The molecular evidence of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 on methicillin-resistantOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- First report of carbapenems encoding multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria from a pediatric hospital in Gaza Strip, Palestine.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Pet animals as reservoirs for spreading methicillin-resistantJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2023Article
- Hospital-Related Lineage of USA300 Methicillin-ResistantBioMed research international · 2023Article
- Characterisation of Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genomic analysis of methicillin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Diversity of clonal complex 22 methicillin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Arab Countries of the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Vaginal Tampon Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Women.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Characteristics of methicillin-resistantNew microbes and new infections · 2020Article
- Two Cases of Intrafamilial Transmission of Community-Acquired Methicillin-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Carriage of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Gene by Contemporary Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Isolates.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2019Article
- Genetic Variability of Methicillin ResistantOsong public health and research perspectives · 2019Article
- Molecular Characterization of Methicillin ResistantFrontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Whole-genome epidemiology, characterisation, and phylogenetic reconstruction of Staphylococcus aureus strains in a paediatric hospital.Genome medicine · 2018Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen in both community and healthcare-related settings worldwide. Current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of S. aureus and MRSA in Gaza is based on a single community-based carriage study. Here we describe a cross-sectional analysis of 215 clinical isolates collected from Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza during 2008 and 2012.
methodsAll isolates were characterized by spa typing, SCCmec typing, and detection of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1). Representative genotypes were also subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK2 and MicroScan.
resultsMRSA represented 56.3% of all S. aureus strains, and increased in frequency from 2008 (54.8%) to 2012 (58.4%). Aside from beta-lactams, resistance was observed to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and fluoroquinolones. Molecular typing identified 35 spa types representing 17 MLST clonal complexes (CC), with spa 998 (Ridom t223, CC22) and spa 70 (Ridom t044, CC80) being the most prevalent. SCCmec types I, III, IV, V and VI were identified among MRSA isolates, while type II was not detected. PVL genes (lukF/S-PV) were detected in 40.0% of all isolates, while the TSST-1 gene (tst) was detected in 27.4% of all isolates, with surprisingly high frequency within CC22 (70.4%). Both PVL and TSST-1 genes were found in several isolates from 2012.
conclusionsMolecular typing of clinical isolates from Gaza hospitals revealed unusually high prevalence of TSST-1 genes among CC22 MRSA, which is noteworthy given a recent community study describing widespread carriage of a CC22 MRSA clone known as the 'Gaza strain'. While the latter did not address TSST-1, tst-positive spa 998 (Ridom t223) has been detected in several neighboring countries, and described as endemic in an Italian NICU, suggesting international spread of a 'Middle Eastern variant' of pandemic CC22 strain EMRSA-15.
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