Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25780309›Full record

SynthesisWorld journal of gastroenterology2015

Association between diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis.

Xiao-Meng Sun, Jia-Cheng Tan, Ying Zhu, Lin Lin

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in World journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04198948 (Interaction Between Omeprazole and Gliclazide in CYP2C19 Normal/ Ultrarapid Metabolisers), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04198948 phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Interaction Between Omeprazole and Gliclazide in CYP2C19 Normal/ Ultrarapid Metabolisers

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of SarajevoRan2019 to 2019Enrolled15ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsOmeprazole, Placebo oral tablet, Gliclazide
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Review
  16. Insight into global burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Understanding its reach and impact.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for new-onset gastric cancer and gastric diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xiao-Meng SunXiao-Meng Sun, Jia-Cheng Tan, Ying Zhu, Lin Lin, Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
Jia-Cheng TanXiao-Meng Sun, Jia-Cheng Tan, Ying Zhu, Lin Lin, Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
Ying ZhuXiao-Meng Sun, Jia-Cheng Tan, Ying Zhu, Lin Lin, Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
Lin LinXiao-Meng Sun, Jia-Cheng Tan, Ying Zhu, Lin Lin, Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo investigate whether there is a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

methodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases, from their respective inceptions until December 31, 2013, for articles evaluating the relationship between DM and GERD. Studies were selected for analysis based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each study on the basis of predefined items. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the odds ratio (OR) in DM between individuals with and without GERD using a fixed effect or random effect model, depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were used to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's test. To evaluate the results, we also performed a sensitivity analysis.

resultsWhen the electronic database and hand searches were combined, a total of nine eligible articles involving 9067 cases and 81 968 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Based on the random-effects model, these studies identified a significant association between DM and the risk of GERD (overall OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.36-1.91; P = 0.003). Subgroup analyses indicated that this result persisted in studies on populations from Eastern countries (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.38-2.12; P = 0.003) and in younger patients (mean age < 50 years) (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.22-2.37; P = 0.001). No significant publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis using Begg(')s test (P = 0.175). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed the stability of our results.

conclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that patients with DM are at greater risk of GERD than those who do not have DM.

Indexed as

AdultDiabetes MellitusEsophagitisFemaleGastroesophageal RefluxHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioPrevalencePrognosisRisk FactorsDiabetes mellitusGastroesophageal reflux diseaseMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID25780309
PMCPMC4356931

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.