ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2015
Modulation of murine breast tumor vascularity, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic response by exercise.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 159 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Supervised Physical Activity in Young Women With Early Breast Cancer During Neoadjuvant Chemotherpy
Prehabilitation Exercise Program in Breast Cancer: Effects on Quality of Life and Tumor Microenvironment (PEP_BC)
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Exercise on Cancer Treatment Efficacy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Cancer research · 2021Pooled it
- Exercise interventions for people undergoing multimodal cancer treatment that includes surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data.Cancer research · 2016Pooled it
- Is Exercise During Androgen Deprivation Therapy Effective and Safe? A Randomized Controlled Trial.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Randomized Trial of Exercise and Nutrition on Chemotherapy Completion and Pathologic Complete Response in Women With Breast Cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Effects of acute exercise training on tumor outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer: A randomized controlled trial.Physiological reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Precision Exercise for Breast Cancer-Related Outcomes: Towards Personalised Training Based on Tumour, Treatment and Patient Characteristics.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Exercise therapy in cancer prevention and treatment.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Exercise as a Disease-Modifying Therapy in Colon Cancer: Practice-Changing Evidence from the CHALLENGE Trial.Cancers · 2026Review
- Aerobic Exercise Activates S1PR1 Signaling in Tumor Endothelial Cells to Promote Vascular Function in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Exercise Modulates Microbial Metabolites and Induces Stromal Remodeling in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Physical Activity Is Associated with Higher Retinal Microvascular Density in Uveal Melanoma and Nevus.Cancers · 2026Article
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Chronic stress and cancer progression through neuro‑endocrine‑immune networks (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Aerobic exercise is associated with alleviation of skeletal muscle atrophy in CT26 tumor-bearing mice: insights from transcriptomic and weighted gene co-expression network analyses.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interaction.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Disrupting sympathetic nerve-tumor crosstalk via biomimetic nanovesicles to augment chemotherapy efficacy under chronic stress.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Breast Tumor Blood Flow, Disease Progression, and Treatment Response: The Role of Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve postischemia perfusion of normal tissues; we investigated whether these effects extend to solid tumors. Estrogen receptor-negative (ER-, 4T1) and ER+ (E0771) tumor cells were implanted orthotopically into syngeneic mice (BALB/c, N = 11-12 per group) randomly assigned to exercise or sedentary control. Tumor growth, perfusion, hypoxia, and components of the angiogenic and apoptotic cascades were assessed by MRI, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and analyzed with one-way and repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Exercise statistically significantly reduced tumor growth and was associated with a 1.4-fold increase in apoptosis (sedentary vs exercise: 1544 cells/mm(2), 95% CI = 1223 to 1865 vs 2168 cells/mm(2), 95% CI = 1620 to 2717; P = .048), increased microvessel density (P = .004), vessel maturity (P = .006) and perfusion, and reduced intratumoral hypoxia (P = .012), compared with sedentary controls. We also tested whether exercise could improve chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide) efficacy. Exercise plus chemotherapy prolonged growth delay compared with chemotherapy alone (P < .001) in the orthotopic 4T1 model (n = 17 per group). Exercise is a potential novel adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.