ArticleEpidemiology and infection2015
Spatio-temporal patterns of leptospirosis in Thailand: is flooding a risk factor?
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of flooding events on waterborne and vector-borne infections: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Geoprocessing and spatial analysis for identifying leptospirosis risk areas: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2020Pooled it
- Risk factors for human leptospirosis following flooding: A meta-analysis of observational studies.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and environmental trends of reported human leptospirosis in Sri Lanka, 2007-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of a Leptospira lineage with high similarity to Leptospira kirschneri in human, environmental, and rodent samples from Gilan Province, Iran: an integrated field and laboratory investigation.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2026Article
- Unraveling the drivers of leptospirosis risk in Thailand using machine learning.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Changes in Acute Febrile Diseases after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Outcomes from a Zoonotic Disease Prioritization workshop using One Health approach in Mozambique, 2018 to 2023.One health outlook · 2024Article
- Leptospirosis Incidence Post-Flooding Following Storm Daniel: The First Case Series in Greece.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Risk of human leptospirosis in Colombia: spatiotemporal analysis and related hydroclimatic factors.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2024Article
- Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India.International journal of health geographics · 2024Article
- Spatio-temporal modeling of human leptospirosis prevalence using the maximum entropy model.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Floods Associated with Environmental Factors and Leptospirosis: our Experience at Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Materia socio-medica · 2022Article
- Effects of rainfall on human leptospirosis in Thailand: evidence of multi-province study using distributed lag non-linear model.Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment : research journal · 2022Article
- Evaluation of a genus-specific rGroELScientific reports · 2021Article
- Leptospirosis as a cause of fever associated with jaundice in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004-2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence and Distribution of Leptospiral Serovars in Livestock (cattle, Goats, and Sheep) in Flood-prone Kelantan, Malaysia.Journal of veterinary research · 2021Article
- Human, animal, water source interactions and leptospirosis in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The effects of flooding and weather conditions on leptospirosis transmission in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We studied the temporal and spatial patterns of leptospirosis, its association with flooding and animal census data in Thailand. Flood data from 2010 to 2012 were extracted from spatial information taken from satellite images. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to determine the relationship between spatio-temporal flooding patterns and the number of human leptospirosis cases. In addition, the area of flood coverage, duration of waterlogging, time lags between flood events, and a number of potential animal reservoirs were considered in a sub-analysis. There was no significant temporal trend of leptospirosis over the study period. Statistical analysis showed an inconsistent relationship between IRR and flooding across years and regions. Spatially, leptospirosis occurred repeatedly and predominantly in northeastern Thailand. Our findings suggest that flooding is less influential in leptospirosis transmission than previously assumed. High incidence of the disease in the northeastern region is explained by the fact that agriculture and animal farming are important economic activities in this area. The periodic rise and fall of reported leptospirosis cases over time might be explained by seasonal exposure from rice farming activities performed during the rainy season when flood events often occur. We conclude that leptospirosis remains an occupational disease in Thailand.
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