ArticlePharmaceutical research2015
Cell-penetrating antimicrobial peptides - prospectives for targeting intracellular infections.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial peptides: An important link in the game theory between plants and pathogens.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides: The Game-Changer in the Epic Battle Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Discovery of Melittin as Triple-Action Agent: Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm, and Potential Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cell-Penetrating Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti-Infective Activity against Intracellular Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Fluid-Phase Endocytosis and Lysosomal Degradation of Bovine Lactoferrin in Lung Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential.Military Medical Research · 2021Review
- Effect of membrane potential on entry of lactoferricin B-derived 6-residue antimicrobial peptide into singleJournal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Anti-Acne Action of Peptides Isolated from Burdock Root-Preliminary Studies and Pilot Testing.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Enhanced Expression and Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Putative Lysozyme-PMAP36 Fusion Protein.Molecules and cells · 2019Article
- Application of Light Scattering Techniques to Nanoparticle Characterization and Development.Frontiers in chemistry · 2018Review
- Structural Elucidation of the Cell-Penetrating Penetratin Peptide in Model Membranes at the Atomic Level: Probing Hydrophobic Interactions in the Blood-Brain Barrier.Biochemistry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the suitability of three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as cell-penetrating antimicrobial peptides.
methodsCellular uptake of three AMPs (PK-12-KKP, SA-3 and TPk) and a cell-penetrating peptide (penetratin), all 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine-labeled, were tested in HeLa WT cells and analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the effects of the peptides on eukaryotic cell viability as well as their antimicrobial effect were tested. In addition, the disrupting ability of the peptides in the presence of bilayer membranes of different composition were analyzed.
resultsAMP uptake relative to penetratin was ~13% (PK-12-KKP), ~66% (SA-3) and ~50% (TPk). All four peptides displayed a punctate uptake pattern in HeLa WT cells with co-localization to lysosomes and no indication that clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the predominant uptake mechanism. TPk showed the highest antibacterial activity. SA-3 exhibited selective disruption of liposomes mimicking Gram-positive and Gram-negative membranes.
conclusionPK-12-KKP is an unlikely candidate for targeting intracellular bacteria, as the eukaryotic cell-penetrating ability is poor. SA-3, affected the cellular viability to an unacceptable degree. TPk showed acceptable uptake efficiency, high antimicrobial activity and relatively low toxicity, and it is the best potential lead peptide for further development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.