Trial reportArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2015
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effect of Vitamin D3 on the Interferon Signature in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Trial report in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Vitamin D3 on the IFN Alpha Signature in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (ALE02)
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disease Activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Rajavithi Hospital
The Combination of Vitamin D and Curcumin Piperine Attenuates the Disease Activity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Diet and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): From Supplementation to Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High- vs. routine-dose vitamin D3 in severe lupus on pulse methylprednisolone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Trial
- Randomised Clinical Trial Study: The Combination of Vitamin D and Curcumin Piperine Attenuates Disease Activity and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Levels Insystemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.Current rheumatology reviews · 2024Trial
- Clinical and serological association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in lupus and the short-term effects of oral vitamin D supplementation.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Epigenetic Aging in Overweight and Obese African Americans With Suboptimal Vitamin D Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Trial
- Gene Expression and Pharmacodynamic Changes in 1,760 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients From Two Phase III Trials of BAFF Blockade With Tabalumab.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Trial
- Pharmacokinetics Modelling Reveals Inconsistency Between the US and European Vitamin D Safety Guidelines.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Dietary and Nutritional Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathophysiology: A Scoping Review of the Evidence from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Human Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: still a challenge.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: From Immunomodulation to Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Vitamin D as an Immune Modulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Type 1 interferon signalling orchestrated by gut microbiota suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylaxis associated with vitamin D3 signalling.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cureus · 2025Article
- High-dose Vitamin D supplementation for immune recalibration in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveVitamin D modulates the immune response and blocks induction of an interferon (IFN) signature by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the IFN signature in patients with SLE.
methodsSLE patients (n = 57) with stable, inactive disease, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level ≤20 ng/ml, an elevated anti-double-stranded DNA antibody level, and an IFN signature (as determined by measuring the expression levels of 3 IFN response genes) were randomized into a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D3 at doses of 2,000 IU or 4,000 IU. An IFN signature response was defined as a 50% reduction in the expression of 1 of the 3 genes or a 25% reduction in the expression of 2 of the 3 genes. Disease activity, adverse events, and endocrine effects were assessed.
resultsBaseline characteristics of the patients in the 3 treatment groups (placebo, low-dose vitamin D3 , or high-dose vitamin D3 ) were similar. Repletion of 25(OH)D (i.e., levels ≥30 ng/ml) was not observed in any of the patients who were receiving placebo, while repletion was observed in 16 of 33 patients receiving vitamin D3 . The percentage of patients with an IFN signature response did not differ among the treatment groups. Moreover, there was no difference in the percentage of patients with an IFN signature response between those who remained vitamin D deficient and those who demonstrated repletion of vitamin D. Modular microarray analysis of a subset of patients (n = 40) did not reveal changes from baseline in any modules (including the IFN-inducible module) in any of the treatment groups, and no differences in expression were found between patients who demonstrated vitamin D repletion and patients who were persistently vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D3 was well tolerated, and there were no safety concerns.
conclusionVitamin D3 supplementation up to 4,000 IU daily was safe and well-tolerated but failed to diminish the IFN signature in vitamin D-deficient SLE patients. Higher 25(OH)D levels sustained for a longer duration may be required to affect immunologic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.