ArticleArthritis care & research2015
Study for Updated Gout Classification Criteria: Identification of Features to Classify Gout.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient characteristics, surgical treatment, and outcomes in spinal gout: a systematic review of 315 cases.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Pooled it
- Electroacupuncture for acute gouty arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- The anatomical pathology of gout: a systematic literature review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Pooled it
- The first metatarsophalangeal joint in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Pooled it
- 2015 Gout Classification Criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Pooled it
- 2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Gout in Mainland China from 2000 to 2014: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- The interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome and metabolic signals in gouty arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Progress of Gout Prediction Models Based on Multi-source Data.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index and aggregate index of systemic inflammation with acute gouty arthritis in men: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Diet and Dietary Supplements on Gout-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- [Diagnostics and treatment of gout : Short version of the German S3 guideline].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Review
- Insights into Causal Associations of Lipid Traits and Lipid-modifying Drug Targets with Uric Acid and Risk of Gout.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Group-based trajectory modeling to assess adherence to chronic urate-lowering therapies among commercially insured US adults with gout.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- The role of high large unstained cell percentages in ongoing inflammation in the intercritical gout.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- Photoacoustic Imaging in Inflammatory Orthopedic Diseases: Progress toward Precise Diagnostics and Predictive Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Conducting genetic epidemiology research on hyperuricaemia and gout in an indigenous community in Guam - a feasibility study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gouty tophi in the thoracic spinal canal with incomplete paraplegia: a case report.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Acupuncture as an Adjunctive Therapy to Etoricoxib for Patients with Acute Gouty Arthritis: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine which clinical, laboratory, and imaging features most accurately distinguished gout from non-gout.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive rheumatology clinic patients with ≥1 swollen joint or subcutaneous tophus. Gout was defined by synovial fluid or tophus aspirate microscopy by certified examiners in all patients. The sample was randomly divided into a model development (two-thirds) and test sample (one-third). Univariate and multivariate association between clinical features and monosodium urate-defined gout was determined using logistic regression modeling. Shrinkage of regression weights was performed to prevent overfitting of the final model. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of joint involvement.
resultsIn total, 983 patients were included. Gout was present in 509 (52%). In the development sample (n = 653), the following features were selected for the final model: joint erythema (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 2.13), difficulty walking (multivariate OR 7.34), time to maximal pain <24 hours (multivariate OR 1.32), resolution by 2 weeks (multivariate OR 3.58), tophus (multivariate OR 7.29), first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint ever involved (multivariate OR 2.30), location of currently tender joints in other foot/ankle (multivariate OR 2.28) or MTP1 joint (multivariate OR 2.82), serum urate level >6 mg/dl (0.36 mmoles/liter; multivariate OR 3.35), ultrasound double contour sign (multivariate OR 7.23), and radiograph erosion or cyst (multivariate OR 2.49). The final model performed adequately in the test set, with no evidence of misfit, high discrimination, and predictive ability. MTP1 joint involvement was the most common joint pattern (39.4%) in gout cases.
conclusionTen key discriminating features have been identified for further evaluation for new gout classification criteria. Ultrasound findings and degree of uricemia add discriminating value, and will significantly contribute to more accurate classification criteria.
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