ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Thermostable ricin vaccine protects rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin: Epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Short- and long-term outcomes of pulmonary exposure to a sublethal dose of ricin in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Aspects of Ricin Toxicity by Inhalation.Toxins · 2023Review
- Serum antibody profiling identifies vaccine-induced correlates of protection against aerosolized ricin toxin in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Durable Immunity to Ricin Toxin Elicited by a Thermostable, Lyophilized Subunit Vaccine.mSphere · 2021Article
- Development of thermostable vaccine adjuvants.Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- Disease-modifying treatment of chemical threat agent-induced acute lung injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Passive immunization with an extended half-life monoclonal antibody protects Rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin toxin.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Single-administration, thermostable human papillomavirus vaccines prepared with atomic layer deposition technology.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Sensitivity of Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to ricin toxin and ricin toxin-Ab complexes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Article
- A Collection of Single-Domain Antibodies that Crowd Ricin Toxin's Active Site.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Fine-Specificity Epitope Analysis Identifies Contact Points on Ricin Toxin Recognized by Protective Monoclonal Antibodies.ImmunoHorizons · 2018Article
- Contribution of an unusual CDR2 element of a single domain antibody in ricin toxin binding affinity and neutralizing activity.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2018Article
- Alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) enhances vaccine-induced protection in a model of ricin intoxication.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Protein Structure Facilitates High-Resolution Immunological Mapping.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Review
- High-Resolution Epitope Positioning of a Large Collection of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Single-Domain Antibodies on the Enzymatic and Binding Subunits of Ricin Toxin.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ricin toxin (RT) is the second most lethal toxin known; it has been designated by the CDC as a select agent. RT is made by the castor bean plant; an estimated 50,000 tons of RT are produced annually as a by-product of castor oil. RT has two subunits, a ribotoxic A chain (RTA) and galactose-binding B chain (RTB). RT binds to all mammalian cells and once internalized, a single RTA catalytically inactivates all of the ribosomes in a cell. Administered as an aerosol, RT causes rapid lung damage and fibrosis followed by death. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines and treatments are only effective in the first few hours after exposure. We have developed a recombinant RTA vaccine that has two mutations V76M/Y80A (RiVax). The protein is expressed in Escherichia coli and is nontoxic and immunogenic in mice, rabbits, and humans. When vaccinated mice are challenged with injected, aerosolized, or orally administered (gavaged) RT, they are completely protected. We have now developed a thermostable, aluminum-adjuvant-containing formulation of RiVax and tested it in rhesus macaques. After three injections, the animals developed antibodies that completely protected them from a lethal dose of aerosolized RT. These antibodies neutralized RT and competed to varying degrees with a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies known to recognize specific epitopes on native RTA. The resulting antibody competition profile could represent an immunologic signature of protection. Importantly, the same signature was observed using sera from RiVax-immunized humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.