Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25775573›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Microdroplet fusion mass spectrometry for fast reaction kinetics.

Jae Kyoo Lee, Samuel Kim, Hong Gil Nam, Richard N Zare

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 260 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Droplet-on-demand mass spectrometry reveals curvature-dependent interfacial reactivity in aqueous microdroplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  15. Surfactant Partitioning Dynamics in Freshly Generated Aerosol Droplets.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Spontaneous Recycling of Electrosprayed Sample by Retrograde Motion of Microdroplets.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023
    Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Jae Kyoo LeeDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea; and.
Samuel KimDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea; and.
Hong Gil NamCenter for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea; and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea zare@stanford.edu nam@dgist.ac.kr.
Richard N ZareDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; zare@stanford.edu nam@dgist.ac.kr.
Institute for Basic Science · KRStanford University · US

Funding

High Spatiotemporal Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Single Cell AnalysisR21DA039578 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ZARE, RICHARD N · 2014 to 2015
$427k
NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA039578
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated the fusion of high-speed liquid droplets as a way to record the kinetics of liquid-phase chemical reactions on the order of microseconds. Two streams of micrometer-size droplets collide with one another. The droplets that fused (13 μm in diameter) at the intersection of the two streams entered the heated capillary inlet of a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum was recorded as a function of the distance x between the mass spectrometer inlet and the droplet fusion center. Fused droplet trajectories were imaged with a high-speed camera, revealing that the droplet fusion occurred approximately within a 500-μm radius from the droplet fusion center and both the size and the speed of the fused droplets remained relatively constant as they traveled from the droplet fusion center to the mass spectrometer inlet. Evidence is presented that the reaction effectively stops upon entering the heated inlet of the mass spectrometer. Thus, the reaction time was proportional to x and could be measured and manipulated by controlling the distance x. Kinetic studies were carried out in fused water droplets for acid-induced unfolding of cytochrome c and hydrogen-deuterium exchange in bradykinin. The kinetics of the former revealed the slowing of the unfolding rates at the early stage of the reaction within 50 μs. The hydrogen-deuterium exchange revealed the existence of two distinct populations with fast and slow exchange rates. These studies demonstrated the power of this technique to detect reaction intermediates in fused liquid droplets with microsecond temporal resolution.

Indexed as

hydrogen–deuterium isotope exchangeliquid microdropletsmass spectrometryprotein unfoldingreaction kinetics

Identifiers

PMID25775573
PMCPMC4386409
OpenAlexW2049745495

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.