ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain-computer interface.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Design of Electrodes and Interfaces for Non-Contact and Capacitive Biomedical Measurements: Terminology, Electrical Model, and System Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- On the Feasibility of Using an Ear-EEG to Develop an Endogenous Brain-Computer Interface.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Trial
- Three-Dimensional Interconnect Technologies for Advanced Flexible Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Towards neuromorphic neurotechnologies: integrating brain-inspired computing with brain-computer interfaces.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Closing the Loop on the Cocktail Party Effect: From Attention Decoding to Neuro-Steered Selective Hearing.Biology · 2026Article
- Motion Neural Monitoring Based on Flexible Materials: From Signal Acquisition to Training Enhancement.ACS omega · 2026Review
- A conformable shape-stable self-healing polymer platform for continuous wireless arterial pulse monitoring.Nature communications · 2026Article
- At-Home Sleep Electroencephalography Assessment in Young and Older Adults Using a Novel Wireless Soft Electronics Sleep Monitoring System: Experimental Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Electrochemically Enhanced Low-Impedance TiNano-micro letters · 2026Article
- In-ear EEG wearables for brain activity assessment and cognitive rehabilitation: the emerging role of multimodal embedded intelligence.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Emergency delivery of particulate drugs by active ejection using in vivo wireless devices.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Closed-loop Neuromotor Training System Pairing Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation with Video-based Real-time Movement Classification.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a silicone-based flexible dry electrode for measuring human bioelectrical signals.Biomedical engineering letters · 2025Article
- Closed-loop rehabilitation of upper-limb dyskinesia after stroke: from natural motion to neuronal microfluidics.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Wearable Medical Devices: Application Status and Prospects.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Review
- Leveraging biomimetic materials for bioelectronics.Matter · 2025Article
- Signal acquisition of brain-computer interfaces: A medical-engineering crossover perspective review.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Exploring individual biases in BCI research and users: Does gender matter?Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide high-fidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steady-state visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.