ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2015
Effect of a culture-based screening algorithm on tuberculosis incidence in immigrants and refugees bound for the United States: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Tuberculosis among migrants under national screening programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Global health research and policy · 2025Pooled it
- Mandatory, voluntary, repetitive, or one-off post-migration follow-up for tuberculosis prevention and control: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Number needed to screen for TB in clinical, structural or occupational risk groups.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for active tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- Japan Pre-Entry Tuberculosis Screening (JPETS): A new phase in tuberculosis control following Japan's transition in a low-incidence era.Global health & medicine · 2026Review
- Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in US-Bound International Adoptees: 2016 to 2023.Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis Disease Among Nonimmigrant Visa Holders Reported to US Quarantine Stations, January 2011-June 2016.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a deep learning model for detecting signs of tuberculosis on chest radiographs among US-bound immigrants and refugees.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis in United States-Bound Follow-to-Join Asylees, 2014-2019.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- A Quasi-experimental Study on the Effect of Pre-entry Tuberculosis Screening for Immigrants on Treatment Outcomes in South Korea: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Trends in tuberculosis clinicians' adoption of short-course regimens for latent tuberculosis infection.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in U.S.-Bound Immigrants and Refugees.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Article
- Minnesota refugees diagnosed with tuberculosis disease, January 1993-August 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Overseas Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in US-Bound Immigrants.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Disease Surveillance Among U.S.-Bound Immigrants and Refugees - Electronic Disease Notification System, United States, 2014-2019.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Non-US-Born Persons by Country of Birth-United States, 2012-2017.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- TB risk by time since U.S. entry among non-U.S.-born residents of Washington State, USA.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2021Article
- Cost effectiveness analysis of implementing tuberculosis screening among applicants for non-immigrant U.S. work visas.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBefore 2007, immigrants and refugees bound for the United States were screened for tuberculosis (TB) by a smear-based algorithm that could not diagnose smear-negative/culture-positive TB. In 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented a culture-based algorithm.
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of the culture-based algorithm on preventing the importation of TB to the United States by immigrants and refugees from foreign countries.
designPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.
settingPanel physician sites for overseas medical examination. PATIENTS: Immigrants and refugees with TB. MEASUREMENTS: Comparison of the increase of smear-negative/culture-positive TB cases diagnosed overseas among immigrants and refugees by the culture-based algorithm with the decline of reported cases among foreign-born persons within 1 year after arrival in the United States from 2007 to 2012.
resultsOf the 3 212 421 arrivals of immigrants and refugees from 2007 to 2012, a total of 1 650 961 (51.4%) were screened by the smear-based algorithm and 1 561 460 (48.6%) were screened by the culture-based algorithm. Among the 4032 TB cases diagnosed by the culture-based algorithm, 2195 (54.4%) were smear-negative/culture-positive. Before implementation (2002 to 2006), the annual number of reported cases among foreign-born persons within 1 year after arrival was relatively constant (range, 1424 to 1626 cases; mean, 1504 cases) but decreased from 1511 to 940 cases during implementation (2007 to 2012). During the same period, the annual number of smear-negative/culture-positive TB cases diagnosed overseas among immigrants and refugees bound for the United States by the culture-based algorithm increased from 4 to 629. LIMITATION: This analysis did not control for the decline in new arrivals of nonimmigrant visitors to the United States and the decrease of incidence of TB in their countries of origin.
conclusionImplementation of the culture-based algorithm may have substantially reduced the incidence of TB among newly arrived, foreign-born persons in the United States. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.