Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25775135›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Paradoxical effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on lupus-like disease in the MRL/lpr mouse model.

Xiaofeng Liao, Jingjing Ren, Cheng-Hsin Wei, A Catharine Ross, Thomas E Cecere, Bernard S Jortner, S Ansar Ahmed, Xin M Luo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Frontiers in immunology · 2024
    Article
  7. CXInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Frontiers in immunology · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Carotenoid metabolism at the intestinal barrier.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2020
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaofeng LiaoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
Jingjing RenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
Cheng-Hsin WeiDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America.
A Catharine RossDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America.
Thomas E CecereDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
Bernard S JortnerDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
S Ansar AhmedDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
Xin M LuoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States of America.
Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine · USPennsylvania State University · USVirginia Tech · US

Funding

VITAMIN A NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONR01DK041479 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI ROSS, A. CATHARINE · 1989 to 2015
$4.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK041479
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Roles of all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA), a metabolite of vitamin A (VA), in both tolerogenic and immunogenic responses are documented. However, how tRA affects the development of systemic autoimmunity is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that tRA have paradoxical effects on the development of autoimmune lupus in the MRL/lpr mouse model. We administered, orally, tRA or VA mixed with 10% of tRA (referred to as VARA) to female mice starting from 6 weeks of age. At this age, the mice do not exhibit overt clinical signs of lupus. However, the immunogenic environment preceding disease onset has been established as evidenced by an increase of total IgM/IgG in the plasma and expansion of lymphocytes and dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs. After 8 weeks of tRA, but not VARA treatment, significantly higher pathological scores in the skin, brain and lung were observed. These were accompanied by a marked increase in B-cell responses that included autoantibody production and enhanced expression of plasma cell-promoting cytokines. Paradoxically, the number of lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph node decreased with tRA that led to significantly reduced lymphadenopathy. In addition, tRA differentially affected renal pathology, increasing leukocyte infiltration of renal tubulointerstitium while restoring the size of glomeruli in the kidney cortex. In contrast, minimal induction of inflammation with tRA in the absence of an immunogenic environment in the control mice was observed. Altogether, our results suggest that under a predisposed immunogenic environment in autoimmune lupus, tRA may decrease inflammation in some organs while generating more severe disease in others.

Indexed as

Age FactorsAnimalsAutoimmunityBrainDisease Models, AnimalFemaleInflammation MediatorsKidneyLeukocytesLungLupus Erythematosus, SystemicLymphatic DiseasesMiceMice, Inbred MRL lprSkinTretinoinInflammation MediatorsTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID25775135
PMCPMC4361690
OpenAlexW2001393486

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.