ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Perinatal substance use: a prospective evaluation of abstinence and relapse.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05128071 (PRevention Of Methamphetamine Use Among Postpartum Women Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PRevention Of Methamphetamine Use Among Postpartum Women Trial (PROMPT)
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Contingency management interventions for abstinence from cigarette smoking in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Outcome reporting in neonates experiencing withdrawal following opioid exposure in pregnancy: a systematic review.Trials · 2020Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Text Messaging Intervention for Postpartum Alcohol Use: Micro-Randomized Trial Supports Feasibility, Acceptability, and Maternal Message Preference.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Trial
- Patient navigation for pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder: Results of a randomized multi-site pilot trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Abstinence outcomes among women in reproductive health centers administered clinician or electronic brief interventions.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of screening and brief interventions for substance misuse in reproductive health.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Trial
- Progesterone for smoking relapse prevention following delivery: A pilot, randomized, double-blind study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2017Trial
- Perinatal Insights Into Parenting, Pathways, and Addiction (PIPPA): Protocol for a Longitudinal, Strengths-Based Study in Flanders, Belgium.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Postpartum women's motivation for substance use recovery: an exploratory qualitative study of recovery capital.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Change in maternal harshness and home environment across early childhood as predictors of autonomic regulation in adolescence in the context of prenatal substance exposure.Child development · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use Motives Across the Reproductive Continuum: An Integrative Literature Review.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Review
- Provider Perspectives of Conversations and Practices Surrounding Perinatal Cannabis Use.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Prenatal substance exposure and 5-year child protection outcomes among infants not reported at birth.PloS one · 2026Article
- Perinatal substance use among United States veterans and servicemembers: A scoping review of the literature.Translational issues in psychological science · 2026Article
- Infant Caregiving as a Resilience Factor for Postpartum Substance Misuse: A Scoping Review.Adversity and resilience science · 2026Review
- Factors associated with reduced substance use and treatment completion among justice-involved pregnant women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use Transitions During Early Pregnancy.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Impact of substance use and trauma on postpartum readmission rates and hospitalization costs: An observational study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Observational
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSubstance use decreases in pregnancy but little prospective data are available on the rates of abstinence and relapse for specific substances. This study compared rates of abstinence in pregnancy and relapse postpartum for nicotine cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine.
methodsData from 152 women drawn from a randomized controlled trial comparing psychological treatments for substance use in pregnancy were analyzed. Self-reports of substance use and urine for toxicology testing throughout pregnancy and 3-months, 12-months and 24-months post-delivery were collected. Multivariate Cox models were used to compare rates of abstinence and relapse across substances.
resultsIn pregnancy, 83% of all women achieved abstinence to at least one substance. The mean (SE) days to abstinence was 145.81 (9.17), 132.01 (6.17), 151.52 (6.24), and 148.91 (7.68) for cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, respectively. Participants were more likely to achieve abstinence from alcohol (HR 7.24; 95% CI 4.47-11.72), marijuana (HR 4.06; 95% CI 1.87-6.22), and cocaine (HR 3.41; 95% CI 2.53-6.51), than cigarettes. Postpartum, 80% of women abstinent in the last month of pregnancy relapsed to at least one substance. The mean days to relapse was 109.67 (26.34), 127.73 (21.29), 138.35 (25.46), and 287.55 (95.85) for cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, respectively. Relapse to cocaine was only 34% (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.15-0.77) that of cigarettes.
conclusionsPregnancy-related abstinence rates were high for all substances except cigarettes. Postpartum relapse was common, with cocaine using women being less likely to relapse after attaining abstinence compared to women using cigarettes, alcohol or marijuana.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.