ArticleForensic science, medicine, and pathology2015
Heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 expression in bruises.
Article in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perls' Prussian blue staining and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull blue.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Review
- Age prediction of hematoma using hyperspectral imaging (HSI).Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Immediate and Delayed Effects of Cupping Therapy on Reducing Neuromuscular Fatigue.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- A novel, comprehensive, and reproducible porcine model for determining the timing of bruises in forensic pathology.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2016Article
- Bruises: is it a case of "the more we know, the less we understand?".Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first step in catabolism of hemoglobin in a bruise is performed by the enzyme heme oxygenase, which produces biliverdin that is then reduced to bilirubin. The development of yellow coloration in bruises can be attributed to local accumulation of degradation products of hemoglobin, including bilirubin, but it is not clear why there is a delay before this color change is apparent. One explanation may be that time is required for the establishment of heme oxygenase activity at the bruise site. This study used immunohistochemistry to examine the time course of expression of heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 in a rat bruise model. Heme oxygenase-1 levels rose above background from 6 h to peak from days 1 to 3. There was strong expression by macrophages, but only occasional neutrophils expression of heme oxygenase-1. Heme oxygenase-2 did not change significantly from background levels. The results suggest that the delay in the development of yellow coloration of bruises may in part be attributed to the requirement for macrophages to be recruited to the site of injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.