ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2015
Toll-like receptor 4 and comorbid pain in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of chronic pelvic pain research network study.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Central Sensitisation in Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review.International urogynecology journal · 2024Pooled it
- Pressure Pain Tolerance Predicts the Success of Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy in Patients With Fibromyalgia.The Clinical journal of pain · 2020Trial
- Associations of chronic pain and genetic risks with incident atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Animal Models of Hunner-Type Interstitial Cystitis.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Review
- Exploring promising biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Advances in Cytokines and Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A Review of the Etiopathology of Phenotypes in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Signaling pathways related to interstitial cystitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Transcriptome profiling suggests molecular sexual dimorphism in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and sex-specific mechanisms underlying visceral pain.Physiological genomics · 2026Article
- Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patient Phenotyping.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Article
- Inflammatory reactivity is unrelated to childhood adversity or provoked modulation of nociception.Pain · 2025Article
- Widespread Pain Moderates the Response to Centrally-Acting Therapies in an Observational Cohort of Patients With Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A MAPP Research Network Study.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Observational
- Review
- Pelvic Pain Symptoms and Inflammation Among Adolescents and Adults with and Without Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and multisite pain among adolescents in the United States.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Divergent histopathological and molecular patterns in chemically induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome rat models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Deciphering nociplastic pain: clinical features, risk factors and potential mechanisms.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInterstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a condition characterized by pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Some IC/BPS patients have pain confined to the pelvic region, while others suffer widespread pain. Inflammatory processes have previously been linked to pelvic pain in IC/BPS, but their association with widespread pain in IC/BPS has not been characterized.
methodsSixty-six women meeting criteria for IC/BPS completed self-report measures of pain as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP), collected 3days of saliva for cortisol assays, and provided blood samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 agonists and cytokines were measured in supernatant; IL-6 was also measured in plasma. Associations between inflammatory variables and the likelihood of endorsing extra-pelvic pain, or the presence of a comorbid syndrome, were tested by logistic regression and General Linear Models, respectively. A subset of patients (n=32) completed Quantitative Sensory Testing.
resultsA one standard deviation increase in TLR-4 inflammatory response was associated with a 1.59 greater likelihood of endorsing extra-pelvic pain (p=.019). Participants with comorbid syndromes also had higher inflammatory responses to TLR-4 stimulation in PBMCs (p=.016). Lower pressure pain thresholds were marginally associated with higher TLR-4 inflammatory responses (p=.062), and significantly associated with higher IL-6 in plasma (p=.031).
conclusionsTLR-4 inflammatory responses in PBMCs are a marker of widespread pain in IC/BPS, and should be explored in other conditions characterized by medically unexplained pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.