ReviewBrain research2015
What goes up, can come down: Novel brain stimulation paradigms may attenuate craving and craving-related neural circuitry in substance dependent individuals.
Review in Brain research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Theta Burst Stimulation in Young Adults With Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Orthopaedic Trauma Patients
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Effects of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Human Cognition: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Stimulant Craving in Users of Cocaine, Amphetamine, or Methamphetamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2019Pooled it
- Can deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) be used to treat substance use disorders (SUD)? A systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Targeting cortico-striatal-amygdalar networks via theta-band frontoparietal synchronization in opioid use disorder: a randomized tACS-fMRI Trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- OFC-induced network modularity improves positive symptoms and attentional alertness in schizophrenia: a combined rTMS-fMRI study.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Blunted anterior midcingulate response to reward in opioid users is normalized by prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Three-Month Feasibility and Brain Target Engagement Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Trial
- Brain connectomics markers for response prediction to transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine use disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Change Implicit Associations Against Alcohol in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Preregistered Clinical Trial.Addiction biology · 2025Trial
- Effects of 10 add-on HF-rTMS treatment sessions on alcohol use and craving among detoxified inpatients with alcohol use disorder: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- A double-blind study assessing the impact of orbitofrontal theta burst stimulation on goal-directed behavior.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2022Trial
- Increasing Physical Activity among Breast Cancer Survivors by Modulating Temporal Orientation with rTMS: Feasibility and Potential Efficacy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Trial
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- A Randomized Trial of Combined tDCS Over Right Inferior Frontal Cortex and Cognitive Bias Modification: Null Effects on Drinking and Alcohol Approach Bias.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Trial
- Preventing relapse to smoking with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Feasibility and potential efficacy.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) administration to heavy cannabis users.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2018Trial
- Subtyping Internet Gaming Disorder Based on Interindividual Deviation of Functional Connectivity: A Network Contingency Analysis.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Internet Gaming Disorder: Convergent Evidence and Independent Validation.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vulnerability to drug related cues is one of the leading causes for continued use and relapse among substance dependent individuals. Using drugs in the face of cues may be associated with dysfunction in at least two frontal-striatal neural circuits: (1) elevated activity in medial and ventral areas that govern limbic arousal (including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and ventral striatum) or (2) depressed activity in dorsal and lateral areas that govern cognitive control (including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal striatum). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is emerging as a promising new tool for the attenuation of craving among multiple substance dependent populations. To date however, nearly all repetitive TMS studies in addiction have focused on amplifying activity in frontal-striatal circuits that govern cognitive control. This manuscript reviews recent work using TMS as a tool to decrease craving for multiple substances and provides a theoretical model for how clinical researchers might approach target and frequency selection for TMS of addiction. To buttress this model, preliminary data from a single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study of 11 cocaine-dependent individuals is also presented. These results suggest that attenuating MPFC activity through theta burst stimulation decreases activity in the striatum and anterior insula. It is also more likely to attenuate craving than sham TMS. Hence, while many TMS studies are focused on applying LTP-like stimulation to the DLPFC, the MPFC might be a new, efficacious, and treatable target for craving in cocaine dependent individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.