Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25770043›Full record

SynthesisSleep medicine2016

Discrimination and sleep: a systematic review.

Natalie Slopen, Tené T Lewis, David R Williams

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sleep medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 247 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
247citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

247 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. Article
  9. Racial/ethnic disparities in grade point averages and absences among 9th graders in Georgia: the role of sleep differences.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
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187 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Natalie SlopenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA. Electronic address: nslopen@umd.edu.
Tené T LewisDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
David R WilliamsDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of African and American Studies and Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Funding

Cumulative Stress and CVD Risk in Middle-Aged and Older WomenR01AG038492 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ALBERT, MICHELLE A · 2011 to 2015
$2.8M
Everyday Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease in African-American WomenK01HL092591 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LEWIS, TENÉ T · 2008 to 2012
$749k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL092591NHLBI NIH HHS K01HL092591NIA NIH HHS R01 AG038492
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An increasing body of literature indicates that discrimination has a negative impact on health; poor sleep may be an underlying mechanism. The primary objective of this review was to examine existing studies on the relationship between discrimination and sleep to clarify (a) the potential role of discrimination in shaping population patterns of sleep and sleep disparities, and (b) the research needed to develop interventions at individual and institutional levels. We identified articles from English-language publications in PubMed and EBSCO databases from inception through July 2014. We employed a broad definition of discrimination to include any form of unfair treatment and all self-reported and objectively assessed sleep outcomes, including duration, difficulties, and sleep architecture. Seventeen studies were identified: four prospective, 12 cross-sectional, and one that utilized a daily-diary design. Fifteen of the 17 studies evaluated interpersonal discrimination as the exposure and the majority of studies included self-reported sleep as the outcome. Only four studies incorporated objective sleep assessments. All 17 studies identified at least one association between discrimination and a measure of poorer sleep, although studies with more detailed consideration of either discrimination or sleep architecture revealed some inconsistencies. Taken together, existing studies demonstrate consistent evidence that discrimination is associated with poorer sleep outcomes. This evidence base can be strengthened with additional prospective studies that incorporate objectively measured aspects of sleep. We outline important extensions for this field of inquiry that can inform the development of interventions to improve sleep outcomes, and consequently promote well-being and reduce health inequities across the life course.

Indexed as

Social DiscriminationHealth Status DisparitiesHumansRacismSleepSleep Wake DisordersDiscriminationRacismSexismSleepSystematic reviewUnfair treatment

Identifiers

PMID25770043
PMCPMC4699868

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.