ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
RSV vaccine-enhanced disease is orchestrated by the combined actions of distinct CD4 T cell subsets.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Human Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Fusing safety and efficacy: A maternal bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Article
- Review
- Stabilization of prefusion hMPV F improves manufacturability and protective immunity across hMPV lineages.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Codon-Pair Deoptimized (CPD) Intranasal RSV Vaccines: A Novel Strategy for Infant Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine prevented lung consolidation following heterologous influenza A virus challenge in pigs.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Maternal RSV immunization: clinical efficacy, immunological mechanisms and public health implications for preventing infant lower respiratory tract infection.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Review
- Comparison of the protective effect of human respiratory syncytial virus Pre-F protein combined with different adjuvants in BALB/c mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Prophylactic monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in early life: An in-depth review of mechanisms of action, failure factors, and future perspectives.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Review
- Double Trouble: The First Reported Case of Evans Syndrome Following RSV Vaccination.Hematology reports · 2025Article
- Transient lung eosinophilia during breakthrough influenza infection in vaccinated mice is associated with protective and balanced Type 1/2 immune responses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Developing an eVLP mRNA vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus with enhanced pre-fusion targeting humoral responses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Dual-Function Adjuvant Cyclosporin A: Enhancing RSV-Specific Humoral Immunity via Treg-Driven B-Cell Activation.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Metavac-RSV mucosal bivalent vaccine candidate protects cotton rats against pneumoviruses and is produced using serum-free cell culture in bioreactor.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Exploring Therapeutic Targets From Spreading Patterns Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is no currently licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) despite being the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine exhibited enhanced respiratory disease following natural RSV infection. Subsequent studies in animal models have implicated roles for CD4 T cells, eosinophils and non-neutralizing antibodies in mediating enhanced respiratory disease. However, the underlying immunological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced respiratory disease and other disease manifestations associated with FI-RSV vaccine-enhanced disease remain unclear. We demonstrate for the first time that while CD4 T cells mediate all aspects of vaccine-enhanced disease, distinct CD4 T cell subsets orchestrate discrete and specific disease parameters. A Th2-biased immune response, but not eosinophils specifically, was required for airway hyperreactivity and mucus hypersecretion. In contrast, the Th1-associated cytokine TNF-α was necessary to mediate airway obstruction and weight loss. Our data demonstrate that individual disease manifestations associated with FI-RSV vaccine-enhanced disease are mediated by distinct subsets of CD4 T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.