ArticlePloS one2015
Prostate field cancerization: deregulated expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) and platelet derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) in tumor adjacent tissue.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of transperineal template prostate biopsy (TTPB) on selective serum biomarkers: a clinical-pilot observational study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Observational
- Overcoming research bias: The untapped potential of biomedically important but understudied proteins.iScience · 2025Article
- Combining tissue biomarkers with mpMRI to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer. Analysis of 21 biomarkers in the PICTURE study.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Article
- Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment.Archives of pharmacal research · 2023Review
- Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer: Beyond the cellular phenotype.Cancer letters · 2022Review
- Growth and differentiation factor 15 and NF-κB expression in benign prostatic biopsies and risk of subsequent prostate cancer detection.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induced by a high-fat diet promotes prostate cancer progression by stimulating tumor-promoting cytokine production from tumor stromal cells.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- The interplay of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression and M2 macrophages during prostate carcinogenesis.Carcinogenesis · 2020Article
- RNA Sequencing in Comparison to Immunohistochemistry for Measuring Cancer Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer Specimens.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Metabolomic prostate cancer fields in HRMAS MRS-profiled histologically benign tissue vary with cancer status and distance from cancer.NMR in biomedicine · 2019Article
- Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancer with Associated Gleason Score Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2019Article
- Atlas of RNA sequencing profiles for normal human tissues.Scientific data · 2019Article
- Reactive oxygen species: a volatile driver of field cancerization and metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2019Review
- Comparison of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient parameters with prostate imaging reporting and data system V2 assessment for detection of clinically significant peripheral zone prostate cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2018Article
- Integrated transcriptomic analysis of distance-related field cancerization in rectal cancer patients.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- miRNA-186 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by targeting YY1 and CDK6.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Association and regulation of protein factors of field effect in prostate tissues.International journal of oncology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prostate field cancerization denotes molecular alterations in histologically normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Such alterations include deregulated protein expression, as we have previously shown for the key transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR-1) and the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS). Here we add the two secreted factors macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) and platelet derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) to the growing list of protein markers of prostate field cancerization. Expression of MIC-1 and PDGF-A was measured quantitatively by immunofluorescence and comprehensively analyzed using two methods of signal capture and several groupings of data generated in human cancerous (n = 25), histologically normal adjacent (n = 22), and disease-free (n = 6) prostate tissues. A total of 208 digitized images were analyzed. MIC-1 and PDGF-A expression in tumor tissues were elevated 7.1x to 23.4x and 1.7x to 3.7x compared to disease-free tissues, respectively (p<0.0001 to p = 0.08 and p<0.01 to p = 0.23, respectively). In support of field cancerization, MIC-1 and PDGF-A expression in adjacent tissues were elevated 7.4x to 38.4x and 1.4x to 2.7x, respectively (p<0.0001 to p<0.05 and p<0.05 to p = 0.51, respectively). Also, MIC-1 and PDGF-A expression were similar in tumor and adjacent tissues (0.3x to 1.0x; p<0.001 to p = 0.98 for MIC-1; 0.9x to 2.6x; p<0.01 to p = 1.00 for PDGF-A). All analyses indicated a high level of inter- and intra-tissue heterogeneity across all types of tissues (mean coefficient of variation of 86.0%). Our data shows that MIC-1 and PDGF-A expression is elevated in both prostate tumors and structurally intact adjacent tissues when compared to disease-free specimens, defining field cancerization. These secreted factors could promote tumorigenesis in histologically normal tissues and lead to tumor multifocality. Among several clinical applications, they could also be exploited as indicators of disease in false negative biopsies, identify areas of repeat biopsy, and add molecular information to surgical margins.
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