Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25767815›Full record

ArticleJournal of education and health promotion2015

The effect of preventive educational program in cigarette smoking: Extended Parallel Process Model.

Zabihollah Gharlipour, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei, Babak Moeini, Mahin Nazari, Abbas Moghim Beigi, Elahe Tavassoli, Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi, Mahnoush Reisi, Hasan Barkati

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of education and health promotion, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Associations between Perceived Costs and Rewards of Sun Protection and Sun Safety Practices among Rural and Urban High School Students.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zabihollah GharlipourDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi HazaveheiDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Babak MoeiniDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Mahin NazariDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Abbas Moghim BeigiDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Elahe TavassoliDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Akbar Babaei HeydarabadiDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahnoush ReisiDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Hasan BarkatiDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases and deaths. The most important preventive measure is technique to resist against peer pressure. Any educational program should design with an emphasis upon theories of behavioral change and based on effective educational program. To investigate the interventions through educational program in prevention of cigarette smoking, this paper has used the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis study is a quasi-experimental study. Two middle schools were randomly selected from male students in Shiraz. Therefore, we randomly selected 120 students for the experimental group and 120 students for the control group. After diagnostic evaluation, educational interventions on the consequences of smoking and preventive skills were applied.

resultsOur results indicated that there was a significant difference between students in the control and experimental groups in the means of perceived susceptibility (P < 0.000, t = 6.84), perceived severity (P < 0.000, t = -11.46), perceived response efficacy (P < 0.000, t = -7.07), perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.000, t = -11.64), and preventive behavior (P < 0.000, t = -24.36).

conclusionsEPPM along with educating skills necessary to resist against peer pressure had significant level of efficiency in improving preventive behavior of cigarette smoking among adolescents. However, this study recommends further studies on ways of increasing perceived susceptibility in cigarette smoking among adolescents.

Indexed as

Cigarette smokingextended parallel process modelhealth educationstudents

Identifiers

PMID25767815
PMCPMC4355839

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.