ReviewViruses2015
The origin of the variola virus.
Review in Viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design, synthesis and antiviral activity of ciclopirox (CPX) analogs against orthopoxvirus.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Systematic screen of PKR reveals genetic variants that broadly evade divergent viral pseudosubstrate inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- APOBEC3-driven attenuation of the 2022 global outbreak monkeypox virus relative to its clade IIb ancestor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Viral threats to pregnancy: Global health risks in the era of pandemics.Advances in virus research · 2026Review
- Potential of MRNA vaccines for mpox prevention: current evidence and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- In silico prediction of pathogen's pandemic potential using the viral trait assessment for pandemics (ViTAP) model.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Towards a Comprehensive Definition of Pandemics and Strategies for Prevention: A Historical Review and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Emerging Microorganisms and Infectious Diseases: One Health Approach for Health Shared Vision.Genes · 2024Review
- Yeast-Based Screening of Anti-Viral Molecules.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Tracing the journey of poxviruses: insights from history.Archives of virology · 2024Review
- Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection.Primary care diabetes · 2023Review
- Cowpox Viruses: A Zoo Full of Viral Diversity and Lurking Threats.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- TheIranian journal of microbiology · 2022Review
- The secreted protein Cowpox Virus 14 contributes to viral virulence and immune evasion by engaging Fc-gamma-receptors.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Molecular adaptations during viral epidemics.EMBO reports · 2022Review
- An Update of Orthopoxvirus Molecular Evolution.Viruses · 2022Article
- Capripoxviruses, leporipoxviruses, and orthopoxviruses: Occurrences of recombination.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Phylogeographical and evolutionary history ofLe infezioni in medicina · 2022Article
- The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond.ISME communications · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The question of the origin of smallpox, one of the major menaces to humankind, is a constant concern for the scientific community. Smallpox is caused by the agent referred to as the variola virus (VARV), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. In the last century, smallpox was declared eradicated from the human community; however, the mechanisms responsible for the emergence of new dangerous pathogens have yet to be unraveled. Evolutionary analyses of the molecular biological genomic data of various orthopoxviruses, involving a wide range of epidemiological and historical information about smallpox, have made it possible to date the emergence of VARV. Comparisons of the VARV genome to the genomes of the most closely related orthopoxviruses and the examination of the distribution their natural hosts' ranges suggest that VARV emerged 3000 to 4000 years ago in the east of the African continent. The VARV evolution rate has been estimated to be approximately 2 × 10-6 substitutions/site/year for the central conserved genomic region and 4 × 10-6 substitutions/site/year for the synonymous substitutions in the genome. Presumably, the introduction of camels to Africa and the concurrent changes to the climate were the particular factors that triggered the divergent evolution of a cowpox-like ancestral virus and thereby led to the emergence of VARV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.