SynthesisNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2015
Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation.
Synthesis in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05515354 (Coordinating Smoking Cessation Treatment With Menstrual Cycle Phase to Improve Quit Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Coordinating Smoking Cessation Treatment With Menstrual Cycle Phase to Improve Quit Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Varenicline Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Pooled it
- Heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol in women during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of testing a menstrual-cycle timed smoking cessation intervention for women of reproductive age (Project Phase): Results of a pilot randomized control trial.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Exogenous progesterone for smoking cessation in men and women: a pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Ovarian Hormones and Transdermal Nicotine Administration Independently and Synergistically Suppress Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms and Smoking Reinstatement in the Human Laboratory.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Use of hormonal contraceptives and smoking cessation: A preliminary report.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Differences in mood and cortisol by menstrual phase during acute smoking abstinence: A within-subject comparison.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Prediction of Smoking Abstinence in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Nursing researchTrial
- Menstrual Cycle in Women Who Co-use Marijuana and Tobacco.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Effect of Cigarette Type and Smoking Behavior on Urinary Metabolite Levels of Tobacco-Associated Toxicants.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- The Influence of Perimenstrual Daily Ovarian Hormones on Anxiety and Cigarette Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Smoking Cessation in Black Adults: Differences by Sex and Age.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use across the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive regimen: A proof-of-concept intensive longitudinal study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Difficulties with emotion regulation amplify perimenstrual emotional distress and cigarette craving.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- The influence of ovarian hormones on the putative mechanisms that promote female nicotine use.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Menstrual Phase Identification Questionnaire (MPIQ): Development and validation of a cross-sectional survey to identify follicular and luteal phases.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Effects of Ovarian Hormone Levels on Stress, Cigarette Craving, and Smoking in a Laboratory Relapse Paradigm Among Females Who Smoke Daily.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Examination of self patterns: framing an alternative phenomenological interview for use in mental health research and clinical practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Acceptability of Hormonal Contraceptives as a Smoking Cessation Aid for Women of Reproductive Age: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The role of sex hormones in targeting stress-induced tobacco craving, stress-reactivity, and smoking with guanfacine among women who smoke.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo determine the effect of ovarian hormones on smoking, we conducted a systematic review of menstrual cycle effects on smoking (i.e., ad lib smoking, smoking topography, and subjective effects) and cessation-related behaviors (i.e., cessation, withdrawal, tonic craving, and cue-induced craving).
methodsThirty-six papers were identified on MEDLINE that included a menstrual-related search term (e.g., menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones), a smoking-related search term (e.g., smoking, nicotine), and met all inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies examined menstrual phase, 1 study measured hormone levels, and 3 studies administered progesterone.
resultsSufficient data were available to conduct meta-analyses for only 2 of the 7 variables: withdrawal and tonic craving. Women reported greater withdrawal during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase, and there was a nonsignificant trend for greater tonic craving in the luteal phase. Progesterone administration was associated with decreased positive and increased negative subjective effects of nicotine. Studies of menstrual phase effects on the other outcome variables were either small in number or yielded mixed outcomes.
conclusionsThe impact of menstrual cycle phase on smoking behavior and cessation is complicated, and insufficient research is available upon which to conduct meta-analyses on most smoking outcomes. Future progress will require collecting ovarian hormone levels to more precisely quantify the impact of dynamic changes in hormone levels through the cycle on smoking behavior. Clarifying the relationship between hormones and smoking-particularly related to quitting, relapse, and medication response-could determine the best type and timing of interventions to improve quit rates for women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.