ArticleGenome research2015
Origin and domestication of papaya Yh chromosome.
Article in Genome research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Plant sex chromosomes defy evolutionary models of expanding recombination suppression and genetic degeneration.Nature plants · 2021Pooled it
- A haplotype-resolved nutmeg genome reveals XY sex chromosome evolution and enables molecular sexing.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Establishing efficient multi-gene editing tools for papaya.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals a possible molecular basis of sex determination in the dioecious wild yam Dioscorea tokoro.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Subfunctionalization ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Recreating viable YYNature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of a GA-RelatedPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identification and molecular analysis of the Y-specific CpMp gene controlling long male peduncles in papaya.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Transposable Element-Mediated Cis-Regulation Drives the Evolution of dmrt1 as a Candidate Master Sex-Determining Gene in Black Carp.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Evolutionary conservation of the grape sex-determining region in angiosperms and emergence of dioecy in Vitaceae.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into the domestication and genetic basis of yield in papaya.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- The dynamic regulatory network of stamens and pistils in papaya.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Pan-genome analysis of 13 Spinacia accessions reveals structural variations associated with sex chromosome evolution and domestication traits in spinach.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Sexy ways: approaches to studying plant sex chromosomes.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Review
- Carica papaya L. sex chromosome review and physical mapping of the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?The Plant cell · 2024Review
- Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genetic insights into the dissolution of dioecy in diploid persimmon Diospyros oleifera Cheng.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- Ongoing Rapid Evolution of a Post-Y Region Revealed by Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of a Hexaploid Monoecious Persimmon (Diospyros kaki).Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Comparative transcriptomic analysis of male and females in the dioecious weeds Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex in papaya is controlled by a pair of nascent sex chromosomes. Females are XX, and two slightly different Y chromosomes distinguish males (XY) and hermaphrodites (XY(h)). The hermaphrodite-specific region of the Y(h) chromosome (HSY) and its X chromosome counterpart were sequenced and analyzed previously. We now report the sequence of the entire male-specific region of the Y (MSY). We used a BAC-by-BAC approach to sequence the MSY and resequence the Y regions of 24 wild males and the Y(h) regions of 12 cultivated hermaphrodites. The MSY and HSY regions have highly similar gene content and structure, and only 0.4% sequence divergence. The MSY sequences from wild males include three distinct haplotypes, associated with the populations' geographic locations, but gene flow is detected for other genomic regions. The Y(h) sequence is highly similar to one Y haplotype (MSY3) found only in wild dioecious populations from the north Pacific region of Costa Rica. The low MSY3-Y(h) divergence supports the hypothesis that hermaphrodite papaya is a product of human domestication. We estimate that Y(h) arose only ∼ 4000 yr ago, well after crop plant domestication in Mesoamerica >6200 yr ago but coinciding with the rise of the Maya civilization. The Y(h) chromosome has lower nucleotide diversity than the Y, or the genome regions that are not fully sex-linked, consistent with a domestication bottleneck. The identification of the ancestral MSY3 haplotype will expedite investigation of the mutation leading to the domestication of the hermaphrodite Y(h) chromosome. In turn, this mutation should identify the gene that was affected by the carpel-suppressing mutation that was involved in the evolution of males.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.