ArticlePharmaceutical research2015
Nano-Targeted Delivery of Toremifene, an Estrogen Receptor-α Blocker in Prostate Cancer.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estrogen receptors α and β and aromatase as independent predictors for prostate cancer outcome.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Targeting prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment via cancer nanotheranostics: a comprehensive update on improved roadmap for disease diagnosis, therapy and management.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- The Role of Estrogen Signaling Pathway and Targeted Therapy Exploration in Urological Tumors.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- From conventional therapy to novel nano-based approaches. A focus on prostate cancer.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle fabrication, functionalization, and biological considerations for drug delivery.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Review
- Nanomedicines in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers: an updated review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- The Role of ERα and ERβ in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in the Surface Functionalization of PLGA-Based Nanomedicines.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Emerging Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanonutraceuticals in Cancer Management.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- RETRACTED: Nanoformulated Ajwa (Phoenix Dactylifera) Bioactive Compounds Improve the Safety of Doxorubicin without Compromising its Anticancer Efficacy in Breast Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Gene Expression Signature Predictive of Neuroendocrine Transformation in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Novel Targeted Nano-Parthenolide Molecule against NF-kB in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine.Cancers · 2018Review
- Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2018Review
- Downregulation of Bmi1 in breast cancer stem cells suppresses tumor growth and proliferation.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Nintedanib antiangiogenic inhibitor effectiveness in delaying adenocarcinoma progression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP).Journal of biomedical science · 2017Article
- Store-Operated CaCurrent molecular biology reports · 2017Review
- The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of the prostate specific membrane antigen/glutamate carboxypeptidase II (PSMA/GCPII) in cancer and neurological disease.British journal of pharmacology · 2016Review
- Oestrogens and oestrogen receptors in prostate cancer.SpringerPlus · 2016Review
- Repurposing FDA-approved drugs as therapeutics to treat Rift Valley fever virus infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeEstrogen Receptor-α (ERα) expression is increased in prostate cancer and acts as an oncogene. We propose that blocking of estrogen hormone binding to ERα using the ERα blocker toremifene will reduce the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer, and nano-targeted delivery of toremifene will improve anticancer efficacy. We report the synthesis and use in an orthotopic mouse model of PLGA-PEG nanoparticles encapsulating toremifene and nanoparticles encapsulating toremifene that are also conjugated to anti-PSMA for targeted prostate tumor delivery.
methodsHuman prostate cancer cell line PC3M and a nude mouse model were used to test efficacy of nano-targeted and nano-encapsulated toremifene versus free toremifene on the growth and differentiation of tumor cells.
resultsTreatment with free toremifene resulted in a significant reduction in growth of prostate tumor and proliferation, and its nano-targeting resulted in greater reduction of prostate tumor growth, greater toremifene tumor uptake, and enhanced tumor necrosis. Tumors from animals treated with nano-encapsulated toremifene conjugated with anti-PSMA showed about a 15-fold increase of toremifene compared to free toremifene.
conclusionsOur data provide evidence that blocking ERα by toremifene and targeting prostate cancer tissues with anti-PSMA antibody on the nanoparticles' surface repressed the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells in this mouse model.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.