Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25761979›Full record

ArticleSleep2015

Doctor Shopping Behavior for Zolpidem Among Insomnia Patients in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Tzu-Hsuan Lu, Yen-Ying Lee, Hsin-Chien Lee, You-Meei Lin

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  7. Characteristics of doctor-shoppers: a systematic literature review.Journal of market access & health policy · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tzu-Hsuan LuDepartment of Pharmacy, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Yen-Ying LeeDepartment of Pharmacy, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Hsin-Chien LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
You-Meei LinDepartment of Pharmacy, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesAlthough zolpidem is listed as a controlled drug in Taiwan, patients' behavior has not been restricted and has led to the problem of doctor shopping behavior (DSB), leading to overutilization of medical resources and excess spending. The National Health Insurance Administration in Taiwan has instituted a new policy to regulate physicians' prescribing behavior and decrease DSB. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the DSB for zolpidem by insomnia patients and assess related factors. DESIGN AND

participantsData were extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in Taiwan. Individuals with a diagnosis of insomnia who received more than one prescription of zolpidem in 2008 were followed for 24 mo. Doctor shopping was defined as ≥ 2 prescriptions by different doctors within ≥ 1 day overlapping in the duration of therapy. The percentage of zolpidem obtained through doctor shopping was used as an indicator of the DSB of each patient.

resultsAmong the 6,947 insomnia patients who were prescribed zolpidem, 1,652 exhibited DSB (23.78%). The average dose of zolpidem dispensed for each patient during 24 mo was 244.21 daily defined doses. The doctor shopping indicator (DSI) was 0.20 (standard deviation, 0.23) among patients with DSB. Younger age, chronic diseases, high number of diseases, higher premium status, high socioeconomic status, and fewer people served per practicing physicians were all factors significantly related to doctor shopping behavior.

conclusionDoctor shopping for zolpidem appears to be an important issue in Taiwan. Implementing a proper referral system with efficient data exchange by physician or pharmacist-led medication reconciliation process might reduce DSB.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansInappropriate PrescribingMaleMedical OveruseMedication ReconciliationMiddle AgedPhysiciansPrescription Drug OverusePyridinesRetrospective StudiesPyridinesSleep Aids, PharmaceuticalZolpidemdoctor shopping behaviordoctor shopping indicatorthe National Health Insurance Research Databasezolpidem

Identifiers

PMID25761979
PMCPMC4481003
OpenAlexW157874253

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.