ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
Noradrenergic modulation of risk/reward decision making.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase modifies effects of clonidine treatment in chronic fatigue syndrome.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2016Trial
- Regulation of the decision threshold by the locus coeruleus.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- SK609, a novel dopamine D3 receptor agonist and norepinephrine transporter blocker with putative pro-cognitive actions, does not induce psychostimulant-like increases in risky choice during probabilistic discounting.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Schizophrenia and risk preference: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neural mechanisms of maladaptive risk decision-making across psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- Enhanced Risky Choice in Male Rats Elicited by the Acute Pharmacological Stressor Yohimbine Involves Prefrontal Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Cognitive Test Solution in Mice with Different Brain Weights after Atomoxetine.Neurology international · 2023Article
- The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- The unconscious mental inhibiting process of human maximal voluntary contraction.Psychological research · 2022Article
- Distinct Medial Orbitofrontal-Striatal Circuits Support Dissociable Component Processes of Risk/Reward Decision-Making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Effects of Drug Treatments for ADHD in Measures of Cognitive Performance.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
- When Helping Is Risky: The Behavioral and Neurobiological Trade-off of Social and Risk Preferences.Psychological science · 2021Article
- Noradrenergic contributions to cue-driven risk-taking and impulsivity.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Parametric shift from rational to irrational decisions in mice.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Characterizing Different Strategies for Resolving Approach-Avoidance Conflict.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Effects of 5-HTPsychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Using a dependent schedule to measure risky choice in male rats: Effects of d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and methamphetamine.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- The Abused Inhalant Toluene Impairs Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Risk/Reward Decision-Making during a Probabilistic Discounting Task.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Differential effects of d-amphetamine and atomoxetine on risk-based decision making of Lewis and Fischer 344 rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2019Article
- The impact of Yohimbine-induced arousal on facets of behavioural impulsivity.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleCatecholamine transmission modulates numerous cognitive and reward-related processes that can subserve more complex functions such as cost/benefit decision making. Dopamine has been shown to play an integral role in decisions involving reward uncertainty, yet there is a paucity of research investigating the contributions of noradrenaline (NA) transmission to these functions.
objectivesThe present study was designed to elucidate the contribution of NA to risk/reward decision making in rats, assessed with a probabilistic discounting task.
methodsWe examined the effects of reducing noradrenergic transmission with the α2 agonist clonidine (10-100 μg/kg), and increasing activity at α2A receptor sites with the agonist guanfacine (0.1-1 mg/kg), the α2 antagonist yohimbine (1-3 mg/kg), and the noradrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitor atomoxetine (0.3-3 mg/kg) on probabilistic discounting. Rats chose between a small/certain reward and a larger/risky reward, wherein the probability of obtaining the larger reward either decreased (100-12.5 %) or increased (12.5-100 %) over a session.
resultsIn well-trained rats, clonidine reduced risky choice by decreasing reward sensitivity, whereas guanfacine did not affect choice behavior. Yohimbine impaired adjustments in decision biases as reward probability changed within a session by altering negative feedback sensitivity. In a subset of rats that displayed prominent discounting of probabilistic rewards, the lowest dose of atomoxetine increased preference for the large/risky reward when this option had greater long-term utility.
conclusionsThese data highlight an important and previously uncharacterized role for noradrenergic transmission in mediating different aspects of risk/reward decision making and mediating reward and negative feedback sensitivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.