ArticleViruses2015
HPV-E7 delivered by engineered exosomes elicits a protective CD8⁺ T cell-mediated immune response.
Article in Viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hijacking Host Communication: The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Disease Pathogenesis.Cells · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as new-age vaccine carriers: a focused account on viral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Molecular Insights into HPV-Driven Cervical Cancer: Oncoproteins, Immune Evasion, and Epigenetic Modifications.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based anti-HOXB7 CD8Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Engineered exosomes in emerging cell-free therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Engineered exosomes from different sources for cancer-targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Review
- Review
- Stem Cell-based therapies for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Vehicles of Immunogens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins and RNA Sorting Mechanisms for the Molecular Delivery by Exosomes.Cells · 2021Review
- The functions and potential roles of extracellular vesicle noncoding RNAs in gynecological malignancies.Cell death discovery · 2021Review
- Long-Term Antitumor CD8Cancers · 2021Article
- The C-Terminal Domain of NefVaccines · 2021Article
- Simultaneous CD8Vaccines · 2021Article
- The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- N-Terminal Fatty Acids of NEFVaccines · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We developed an innovative strategy to induce a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) immune response against protein antigens of choice. It relies on the production of exosomes, i.e., nanovesicles spontaneously released by all cell types. We engineered the upload of huge amounts of protein antigens upon fusion with an anchoring protein (i.e., HIV-1 Nefmut), which is an inactive protein incorporating in exosomes at high levels also when fused with foreign proteins. We compared the immunogenicity of engineered exosomes uploading human papillomavirus (HPV)-E7 with that of lentiviral virus-like particles (VLPs) incorporating equivalent amounts of the same antigen. These exosomes, whose limiting membrane was decorated with VSV-G, i.e., an envelope protein inducing pH-dependent endosomal fusion, proved to be as immunogenic as the cognate VLPs. It is noteworthy that the immunogenicity of the engineered exosomes remained unaltered in the absence of VSV-G. Most important, we provide evidence that the inoculation in mouse of exosomes uploading HPV-E7 induces production of anti-HPV E7 CTLs, blocks the growth of syngeneic tumor cells inoculated after immunization, and controls the development of tumor cells inoculated before the exosome challenge. These results represent the proof-of-concept about both feasibility and efficacy of the Nefmut-based exosome platform for the induction of CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.