ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2015
Factors affecting immunoreactivity in long-term storage of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trop-2 and Nectin-4 immunohistochemical expression in metastatic colorectal cancer: searching for the right population for drugs' development.British journal of cancer · 2023Trial
- Preanalytical variables affect predictive immunohistochemical biomarker testing in non-small cell lung carcinoma cytology specimens.Cancer cytopathology · 2026Article
- Predicting PD-L1 + CD8 - status in non-small cell lung cancer tissue from clinical indicators using machine learning.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- New Neuroendocrine Markers PITX2, PHOX2B, and HAND2 Do Not Offer Diagnostic Utility in Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsies of Primary and Secondary Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas: A Retrospective Multi-institutional Study.Journal of clinical and translational pathology · 2026Article
- HSP90β as a potential prognostic biomarker in urothelial carcinoma: insights from NF-κB, IL-8, and heat-shock protein expression.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Tumor size and vascular and perineural invasion predict mesenteric involvement in small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.Endocrine · 2026Article
- New approach to document cannabis toxicity during pregnancy: a low abundance molecular species detection in long-term formalin-fixed paraffin embedded fetal tissues. A technological report.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Automated paraffin embedding of tissue samples significantly reduces overall workflow time in routine pathology practice.Pathologica · 2026Article
- Review
- Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of FFPE tissues: progress, limitations, and clinical translation barriers.Clinical proteomics · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological characterization of enteric glia in colorectal cancer: Insights from a population-based cohort.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of formalin gas exposure on quail testicular health in quail (Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- One protocol to rule them all: a pilot study to identify the best fixation and decalcification approach for bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemistry.Pathologica · 2025Article
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- Anti-inflammatory effect of sea buckthorn in an HCl-induced cystitis rat model.Investigative and clinical urology · 2025Article
- Investigation of formalin gas-induced alterations in TP53 gene expression in quail respiratory tract.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Pathology Laboratory Archives: Conservation Quality of Nucleic Acids and Proteins for NSCLC Molecular Testing.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of storage time of paraffin sections on the expression of PD-L1 (SP142) in invasive breast cancer.Diagnostic pathology · 2023Article
- Impact of formalin fixation on mismatch repair protein evaluation by immunohistochemistry.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen decay in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections for immunohistochemistry is a well-known phenomenon which may have repercussions on translational and research studies and length of storage time appears fundamental. The aim of this study was to evaluate all possible factors which may lead to antigen decay on a prospective standardized collection of human tissues with a panel of 14 routinely used antibodies. Serial slide sections from FFPE control tissues were stored using different methods (routine storage at room temperature, Parafilm(®) protected, paraffin coated and cold stored at 4 °C) and for different time periods: 1, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months. Immunohistochemistry was performed at each time cutoff simultaneously on stored sections and on freshly cut sections using a panel of 14 antibodies. Immunoreactivity was compared with immunoreactions performed at time zero. Reduction in immunostaining was observed for a subset of antibodies (CD3, CD 31, CD117, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki67, p53, TTF-1, vimentin) while for others (smooth muscle actin, keratins 7, 20, AE1/AE3, 34βE12), no antigen decay was observed. Loss of antigenicity was proportional to tissue section age and was dependent on mode of storage with cold storage slides being the least affected. All antigens with reductions in immunosignal were nuclear or membranous, and they all required heat pre-treatment for antigen retrieval. In contrast to results from other studies, when pre-analytical factors are strictly controlled and standardized, antigen decay seems to be restricted to nuclear or membrane antigens which require heat antigen retrieval.
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