ReviewRetrovirology2015
Role of PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway in HIV infection and potential therapeutic options.
Review in Retrovirology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Budigalimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, for people living with HIV-1: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1b study.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Viral coinfections and checkpoint-marker expression in HIV: An exploratory HCV-Related CD4⁺ T-Cell PD-L1 pattern.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Malaria exposure history shapes PD-1 expression across human B-cell subsets during acute Plasmodium falciparum infection.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Protein-dependent CD4iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint landscape in CD4⁺ T cells stratifies HIV-infected individuals by clinical progression.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation in HIV-TB Co-Infection: Role of Cytokines and T Cell Biomarkers-A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in HIV-associated advanced lung cancer: from mechanisms to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effective and safe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer in people living with HIV.HIV medicine · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cancer: A Systematic Scoping Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Negative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- HIV-Helminth Co-Infections and Immune Checkpoints: Implications for Cancer Risk in South Africa.Viruses · 2025Article
- Agrarian Diet Improves Metabolic Health in HIV-positive Men withResearch square · 2024Article
- An HIV-1 CRISPR-Cas9 membrane trafficking screen reveals a role for PICALM intersecting endolysosomes and immunity.iScience · 2024Article
- Bryostatin-1 enhances the proliferation and functionality of exhausted CD8+ T cells by upregulating MAP Kinase 11.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- In vitro characterization of a small molecule PD-1 inhibitor that targets the PD-l/PD-L1 interaction.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Soluble Immune Checkpoints Are Dysregulated in COVID-19 and Heavy Alcohol Users With HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Flow-Cytometry Intracellular Detection and Quantification of HIV1 p24 Antigen and Immunocheckpoint Molecules in T Cells among HIV/AIDS Patients.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play an important role in controlling viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, during chronic HIV infection, virus-specific CD8+ T cells undergo functional exhaustion, lose effector functions and fail to control viral infection. HIV-specific CD8 T cells expressing high levels of co-inhibitory molecule programmed death-1 (PD-1) during the chronic infection and are characterized by lower proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic abilities. Although, antiretroviral therapy has resulted in dramatic decline in HIV replication, there is no effective treatment currently available to eradicate viral reservoirs or restore virus-specific T or B-cell functions that may complement ART in order to eliminate the virus. In recent years, studies in mice and non-human primate models of HIV infection demonstrated the functional exhaustion of virus-specific T and B cells could be reversed by blockade of interaction between PD-1 and its cognate ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2). In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of PD-1 pathway in HIV/SIV infection and discuss the beneficial effects of PD-1 blockade during chronic HIV/SIV infection and its potential role as immunotherapy for HIV/AIDS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.