Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25756238›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2015

Inflammatory bowel disease in immigrants to Canada and their children: a population-based cohort study.

Eric I Benchimol, David R Mack, Astrid Guttmann, Geoffrey C Nguyen, Teresa To, Nassim Mojaverian, Pauline Quach, Douglas G Manuel

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
20.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Ethnicity Influences Phenotype and Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2018
    Pooled it
  6. Review
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  13. The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease: from 2025 to 2045.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
    Review
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  19. Inflammatory bowel disease in south Asia: a scoping review.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eric I Benchimol1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [3] School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [4] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
David R Mack1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Astrid Guttmann1] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Geoffrey C Nguyen1] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Teresa To1] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nassim MojaverianInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Pauline Quach1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Douglas G Manuel1] Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
York University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) contributed by the environment can be elucidated by assessing the risk in migrants from low prevalence to Western countries. The incidence of IBD in immigrants to Canada and their Canadian-born children was compared with nonimmigrants.

methodsA population-based cohort of IBD patients derived from health administrative data was linked to immigration data to determine the standardized incidence of IBD in immigrants to Ontario, Canada, by region of birth between 1994 and 2010. The hazard contributed by younger age at immigration was determined. Incidence for Ontario-born children of immigrant mothers was compared with the children of nonimmigrants.

resultsIn 2,144,660 immigrants, incidence of IBD was 7.3/100,000 person-years compared with 23.9/100,000 in 12,036,921 nonimmigrants (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.26-0.44). Incidence was lowest risk in East Asians (IRR 0.14, 95% CI 0.11-0.18) and highest in Western Europeans/North Americans (IRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.75). Increased age at immigration was associated with decreased risk of IBD (HR 0.986, 95% CI 0.982-0.990), a 14% increased risk per younger decade of life at immigration. Children of immigrants from the Middle East/North Africa, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and North America/Western Europe had similar risk of IBD as children of nonimmigrants; however, the incidence remained lower among children of immigrants from other regions.

conclusionsYounger age at arrival to Canada increased the risk of IBD in immigrants. Canadian-born children of immigrants from some regions assumed the high Canadian incidence of IBD, indicating that the underlying risk is activated with earlier life exposure to the Canadian environment in certain groups.

Indexed as

Residence CharacteristicsAdolescentAdultAfrica, NorthernAfrica South of the SaharaAge FactorsAsian PeopleBlack PeopleCohort StudiesEmigrants and ImmigrantsEuropeFemaleHumansIncidenceInflammatory Bowel DiseasesMale

Identifiers

PMID25756238
OpenAlexW1984153101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.