Trial reportObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2015
Usual breakfast eating habits affect response to breakfast skipping in overweight women.
Trial report in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Regular or Irregular Breakfast Skipping Suppresses the Vascular Endothelial Function of the Brachial Artery.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Impact of breakfast consumption timingThe British journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Postprandial Metabolism and Appetite Do Not Differ between Lean Adults that Eat Breakfast or Morning Fast for 6 Weeks.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in obese adults.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Effect of extended morning fasting upon ad libitum lunch intake and associated metabolic and hormonal responses in obese adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2016Trial
- Does breakfast skipping alter the serum lipids of university students?BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Effect of the perception of breakfast consumption on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy males.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Intermittent fasting for obesity and related disorders: unveiling myths, facts, and presumptions.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Development, validation and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire.Chronobiology international · 2020Article
- Association between Timing of Energy Intake and Insulin Sensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The Study of Relationship between Nutritional Behaviors and Metabolic Indices: A Systematic Review.Advanced biomedical research · 2020Review
- Six Weeks of Morning Fasting Causes Little Adaptation of Metabolic or Appetite Responses to Feeding in Adults with Obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Article
- A Review of the Evidence Surrounding the Effects of Breakfast Consumption on Mechanisms of Weight Management.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Review
- Infrequent Feeding of Restricted Amounts of Food Induces Stress and Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Contributing to Impaired Glucose Metabolism.International journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- Effects of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study.World journal of diabetes · 2017Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis randomized, cross-over trial was designed to investigate the metabolic and appetitive responses to skipping breakfast in overweight women who were habitual breakfast Eaters or Skippers.
methodsNine Eaters and nine Skippers were studied on two separate days during which subjects ate breakfast (B) or had no breakfast (NB), followed by a standard lunch meal 4 h later. Blood sampling for hormones and metabolites was performed after lunch, and appetite was rated throughout the day.
resultsInteractions between day and habitual breakfast pattern were seen for area under the curve (AUC) for insulin and free fatty acids (FFA). Both insulin (P = 0.020) and FFA (P = 0.023) AUC were higher on the NB day for Eaters but similar on both days for Skippers. Eaters had higher pre lunch hunger AUC on the NB day (P = 0.015) as well as lower pre lunch satiety AUC under both conditions (P = 0.019).
conclusionsOverall, this study showed that the adverse effects of skipping breakfast (higher insulin and FFA responses to lunch, increased hunger, and decreased satiety) were found primarily in habitual breakfast eaters. This suggests that meal skipping may have enhanced effects in habitual Eaters due to entrainment of metabolic and appetitive regulatory systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.