ArticleInfection2015
Exogenous reinfection of tuberculosis in a low-burden area.
Article in Infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis outbreaks among students in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Time to reoccurrence of tuberculosis and its predictors among adult HIV/AIDS patients on ART at public hospitals in East and Horro Guduru Wollega zones, West Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Timing of recurrence after treatment of pulmonary TB.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Endogenous relapse and exogenous reinfection in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study revealed by whole genome sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Recurrent tuberculosis in the Netherlands - a 24-year follow-up study, 1993 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- High Rates of Recurrent Tuberculosis Disease: A Population-level Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Distinguishing Relapse From Reinfection With Whole-Genome Sequencing in Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Beijing, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Long-term impact of the adoption of bedaquiline-containing regimens on the burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis recurrences and predictive factors in a vulnerable population in Catalonia.PloS one · 2020Article
- Predictors of recurrent TB in sputum smear and culture positive adults: a prospective cohort study.African health sciences · 2019Article
- Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-endemic settings.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) cases attributable to relapse or reinfection in London, 2002-2015.PloS one · 2019Article
- A nested case-control study of predictors for tuberculosis recurrence in a large UK Centre.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Relapse Versus Reinfection of Recurrent Tuberculosis Patients in a National Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital in Beijing, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- A multi-antigenic MVA vaccine increases efficacy of combination chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRecurrence of tuberculosis (TB) can be the consequence of relapse or exogenous reinfection. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with exogenous TB reinfection.
methodsProspective cohort study based on the TB database, maintained at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital (Milan, Italy). Time period: 1995-2010. INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) ≥2 episodes of culture-confirmed TB; (2) cure of the first episode of TB; (3) availability of one Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate for each episode. Genotyping of the M. tuberculosis strains to differentiate relapse and exogenous reinfection. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of risk factors on exogenous reinfections.
resultOf the 4682 patients with TB, 83 were included. Of these, exogenous reinfection was diagnosed in 19 (23 %). It was independently associated with absence of multidrug resistance at the first episode [0, 10 (0.01-0.95), p = 0.045] and with prolonged interval between the first TB episode and its recurrence [7.38 (1.92-28.32) p = 0.004]. However, TB relapses occurred until 4 years after the first episode. The risk associated with being foreign born, extrapulmonary site of TB, and HIV infection was not statistically significant. In the relapse and re-infection cohort, one-third of the patients showed a worsened drug resistance profile during the recurrent TB episode.
conclusionsExogenous TB reinfections have been documented in low endemic areas, such as Italy. A causal association with HIV infection could not be confirmed. Relapses and exogenous reinfections shared an augmented risk of multidrug resistance development, frequently requiring the use of second-line anti-TB regimens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.