ArticleImmunology2015
Peptidoglycan recognition protein-peptidoglycan complexes increase monocyte/macrophage activation and enhance the inflammatory response.
Article in Immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Commensal bacterial glycosylation at the interface of host-bacteria interactions.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- NOD1 and NOD2: Essential Monitoring Partners in the Innate Immune System.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of trans-anethole-treated Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Peptidoglycan-induced modulation of metabolic and inflammatory responses.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2023Review
- Unravelling potential biomarkers for acute and chronic brucellosis through proteomic and bioinformatic approaches.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Use of Microorganisms as Nutritional and Functional Feedstuffs for Nursery Pigs and Broilers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Transcriptome profiling of lung immune responses potentially related to acute respiratory distress syndrome in forest musk deer.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Article
- Altered gut microbiomes are associated with the symptomatic status of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) Contributes to Bordetella pertussis Inflammatory Pathology.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Predicting disease course in ulcerative colitis using stool proteins identified through an aptamer-based screen.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Human Short Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein PGLYRP1/Tag-7/PGRP-S InhibitsFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 4 Limits Bacterial Clearance and Inflammation in Lungs by Control of the Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment Into the Lungs AfterFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Deficient humoral responses and disrupted B-cell immunity are associated with fatal SFTSV infection.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Peptidoglycan recognition by the innate immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 3 Does Not Alter the Outcome of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Licochalcone E protects against carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver toxicity by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) Cytokine Hyper-Reactivity in Chronic Periodontitis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP) are pattern recognition receptors that can bind or hydrolyse peptidoglycan (PGN). Four human PGRP have been described: PGRP-S, PGRP-L, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. Mammalian PGRP-S has been implicated in intracellular destruction of bacteria by polymorphonuclear cells, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ have been found in keratinocytes and epithelial cells, and PGRP-L is a serum protein that hydrolyses PGN. We have expressed recombinant human PGRP and observed that PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα exist as monomer and disulphide dimer proteins. The PGRP dimers maintain their biological functions. We detected the PGRP-S dimer in human serum and polymorphonuclear cells, from where it is secreted after degranulation; these cells being a possible source of serum PGRP-S. Recombinant PGRP do not act as bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents in the assayed conditions; however, PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα cause slight damage in the bacterial membrane. Monocytes/macrophages increase Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis in the presence of PGRP-S, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. All PGRP bind to monocyte/macrophage membranes and are endocytosed by them. In addition, all PGRP protect cells from PGN-induced apoptosis. PGRP increase THP-1 cell proliferation and enhance activation by PGN. PGRP-S-PGN complexes increase the membrane expression of CD14, CD80 and CD86, and enhance secretion of interleukin-8, interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-α, but reduce interleukin-10, clearly inducing an inflammatory profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.