SynthesisBMJ clinical evidence2015
Perineal care.
Synthesis in BMJ clinical evidence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of perineal massage at different stages on perineal and postpartum pelvic floor function in primiparous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcomes and outcome measures in childbirth perineal trauma research: a systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Hyaluronidase in Preventing Perineal Trauma in Nulliparous Women.Yonsei medical journal · 2020Trial
- Predictive factors for chronic pain related to childbirth: A prospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Intrapartum Febrile Morbidity and Maternal Birth Trauma After Vaginal Delivery: A Parity-Stratified Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Perineal Massage for Prevention of Episiotomy and Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: An Umbrella Review.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Lessons from a one-stop multidisciplinary perineal clinic for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI): An early Asian experience.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2026Article
- Lactic Acid-Loaded Hydrogels for Post-Episiotomy Wound Healing: Microenvironment Engineering and Regenerative Strategies-A Narrative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: Risk Factors, Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Outcomes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors associated with women's childbirth experience in Slovakia: A cross-sectional analysis of overall childbirth experience and individual domains of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 (CEQ2).European journal of midwifery · 2026Article
- Perspective on Perinatal Birth Canal Injuries: An Analysis of Risk Factors, Injury Mechanisms, Treatment Methods, and Patients' Quality of Life: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The PLUS study: efficacy of triclosan coated suture (VicrylPlusMaternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Honey for the Treatment of Perineal Wounds Following Vaginal Birth: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improving apgar scores and reducing perineal injuries through midwife-led quality improvements: an observational study in Uganda.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- "We have been depriving them": examining the sense of coherence of clinical staff as they implement skin-to-skin contact.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Antenatal Perineal Training for Injuries Prevention: Follow Up after Puerperium.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Midwives' approach to the prevention and repair of obstetric perineal trauma in Spain.Nursing open · 2024Observational
- Variability of clinical practice in the care of the second stage of labor among midwives in Spain.BMC nursing · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMore than 85% of women having a vaginal birth suffer some perineal trauma. Spontaneous tears requiring suturing are estimated to occur in at least one third of women in the UK and US. Perineal trauma can lead to long-term physical and psychological problems. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of different methods and materials for primary repair of first- and second-degree tears and episiotomies? What are the effects of different methods and materials for primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (third- and fourth-degree tears)? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
resultsWe found 33 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
conclusionsIn this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: conventional suturing; different methods and materials for primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries; non-suturing of muscle and skin (or perineal skin alone); and sutures (absorbable synthetic sutures, catgut sutures, continuous sutures, interrupted sutures).
Indexed as
Identifiers
25752310PMC4356152W4298230021What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.