ArticleMobile DNA2015
HERV-K(HML-2) rec and np9 transcripts not restricted to disease but present in many normal human tissues.
Article in Mobile DNA, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Locus-specific HERV expression identifies an aggressive, NK-depleted, checkpoint-refractory acral melanoma phenotype.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Characterization of HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome and their post-transcriptional function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Immune System-Tumor Crosstalk Under Microgravity: Mechanistic Insights, Challenges, and Translational Perspectives.Cancers · 2025Review
- The Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Initiation and Progression of Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- The Molecular Link Between TDP-43, Endogenous Retroviruses and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Potential Target for Triumeq, an Antiretroviral Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of medical virology · 2023Review
- Not all viruses cause disease: HERV-K(HML-2) in healthy human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope in Spinal Fluid of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Is Toxic.Annals of neurology · 2022Article
- Transcriptome Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses at Locus-Specific Resolution in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- The Role of HERV-K in Cancer Stemness.Viruses · 2022Review
- HERV-K and HERV-H Env Proteins Induce a Humoral Response in Prostate Cancer Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Significant Upregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) Transcription Levels in Human Lung Cancer and Cancer Cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Ancient Adversary - HERV-K (HML-2) in Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Article
- Transposable elements, circular RNAs and mitochondrial transcription in age-related genomic regulation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman endogenous retroviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) group have been associated with the development of tumor diseases. Various HERV-K(HML-2) loci encode retrovirus-like proteins, and expression of such proteins is upregulated in certain tumor types. HERV-K(HML-2)-encoded Rec and Np9 proteins interact with functionally important cellular proteins and may contribute to tumor development. Though, the biological role of HERV-K(HML-2) transcription and encoded proteins in health and disease is less understood. We therefore investigated transcription specifically of HERV-K(HML-2) rec and np9 mRNAs in a panel of normal human tissues.
resultsWe obtained evidence for rec and np9 mRNA being present in all examined 16 normal tissue types. A total of 18 different HERV-K(HML-2) loci were identified as generating rec or np9 mRNA, among them loci not present in the human reference genome and several of the loci harboring open reading frames for Rec or Np9 proteins. Our analysis identified additional alternative splicing events of HERV-K(HML-2) transcripts, some of them encoding variant Rec/Np9 proteins. We also identified a second HERV-K(HML-2) locus formed by L1-mediated retrotransposition that is likewise transcribed in various human tissues.
conclusionsHERV-K(HML-2) rec and np9 transcripts from different HERV-K(HML-2) loci appear to be present in various normal human tissues. It is conceivable that Rec and Np9 proteins and variants of those proteins are part of the proteome of normal human tissues and thus various cell types. Transcription of HERV-K(HML-2) may thus also have functional relevance in normal human cell physiology.
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