ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2015
Sex hormones affect neurotransmitters and shape the adult female brain during hormonal transition periods.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 340 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ovarian Hormones, Reward Response, and Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa: An Experimental Design
Examining the Effects of Estradiol on Neural and Molecular Response to Rewards in Perimenopausal-Onset Anhedonia and Psychosis
Who cites it
340 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 685 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of resting-state EEG across the menstrual cycle and its mental health relevance.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Aromatic Amino Acids in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome through Patients' Blood Metabolic Profiling: A Systematic Review of the Past Five Years.Journal of proteome research · 2025Pooled it
- Association of ESR1 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Migraine: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptives and the brain: A systematic review on 60 years of neuroimaging, EEG, and biochemical studies in humans and animals.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Attentional bias to alcohol-related cues: effects of menstrual cycle phase and sex differences.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Effect of exercise alone and in combination with time-restricted eating on cognitive health in menopausal women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Effect of exercise alone and in combination with time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic health in menopausal women.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Trial
- Heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol in women during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- New Pharmacological Approaches to the Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.CNS drugs · 2023Trial
- Effects of exogenous oxytocin and estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity in women and men.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- The Sprint-Interval Exercise Using a Spinning Bike Improves Physical Fitness and Ameliorates Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Through Hormone and Inflammation Modulations: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Exploring the Impact of Ovarian Hormones on Cortical Drive and Quadriceps Performance in Uninjured Female Athletes.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Article
- Sex hormones, the gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases: Lifespan perspective.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Mechanistic Insights ofNutrients · 2026Review
- Estradiol and memory circuitry in the postmenopause: Modification by APOE4.Research square · 2026Article
- Psychedelics and women's mental health: the effects of female sex hormones on psychedelics' efficacy and tolerability.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease in Women.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Sex-stratified insights into the genetics of brain volumes in late adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
280 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex hormones have been implicated in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, dendritic branching, myelination and other important mechanisms of neural plasticity. Here we review the evidence from animal experiments and human studies reporting interactions between sex hormones and the dominant neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, GABA and glutamate. We provide an overview of accumulating data during physiological and pathological conditions and discuss currently conceptualized theories on how sex hormones potentially trigger neuroplasticity changes through these four neurochemical systems. Many brain regions have been demonstrated to express high densities for estrogen- and progesterone receptors, such as the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampus. As the hippocampus is of particular relevance in the context of mediating structural plasticity in the adult brain, we put particular emphasis on what evidence could be gathered thus far that links differences in behavior, neurochemical patterns and hippocampal structure to a changing hormonal environment. Finally, we discuss how physiologically occurring hormonal transition periods in humans can be used to model how changes in sex hormones influence functional connectivity, neurotransmission and brain structure in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.