ReviewThe Korean journal of internal medicine2015
Microvascular angina: angina that predominantly affects women.
Review in The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Cardiac Syndrome X and Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Effects of Sleep Apnea Treatment on Myocardial Ischemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Alirocumab and chest pain after acute coronary syndrome: An analysis of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- Patterns and determinants of treatment for coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2021Article
- Evaluation of serum platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ß and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in microvascular angina.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2020Article
- Gender differences in the presentation of chest pain in obstructive coronary artery disease: results from the Korean Women's Chest Pain Registry.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2020Article
- Lack of sexual dimorphism in a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
In women receiving evaluation for suspected ischemic symptoms, a "normal" diagnosis is five times more common than it is in men. These women are often labeled as having cardiac syndrome X, also known as microvascular angina (MVA). MVA is defined as angina pectoris caused by abnormalities of the small coronary arteries, and is characterized by effort chest pain and evidence of myocardial ischemia with a non-invasive stress test, although the coronary arteries can appear normal or near normal by angiography. MVA patients are often neglected due to the assumption of a good prognosis. However, MVA has important prognostic implications and a proper diagnosis is necessary in order to relieve the patients' symptoms and improve clinical outcomes. The coronary microvasculature cannot be directly imaged using coronary angiography, due to the small diameter of the vessels; therefore, the coronary microvascular must be assessed functionally. Treatment of MVA initially includes standard anti-ischemic drugs (β-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates), although control of symptoms is often insufficient. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MVA.
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