Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25750484›Full record

ArticleCritical reviews in physical and rehabilitation medicine

A Review of Spasticity Treatments: Pharmacological and Interventional Approaches.

Eric Chang, Nilasha Ghosh, Daniel Yanni, Sujin Lee, Daniela Alexandru, Tahseen Mozaffar

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Critical reviews in physical and rehabilitation medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05099055 (Dexmedetomidine Comme Adjuvant à la rachianesthésie Lors de césariennes électives), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05099055 phase3completednot on this map

Dexmedetomidine Comme Adjuvant à la rachianesthésie Lors de césariennes électives : Une étude Pilote

TypeinterventionalSponsorSt. Justine's HospitalRan2022 to 2023Enrolled42ConditionsAnalgesia, Analgesics, Opioid, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Anesthesia, SpinalArmsDexmedetomidine 0.004 MG/ML [Precedex], Opioids
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Systematic review on use and efficacy of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the management of spasticity in non-pediatric patients.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021
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  6. Guideline
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  17. GABA-independent activation of GABANature communications · 2025
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21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Eric ChangDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Nilasha GhoshSchool of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Daniel YanniDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Sujin LeeDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Daniela AlexandruDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Tahseen MozaffarDepartment of Neurology, MDA-ALS and Neuromuscular Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceKL2TR000147 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$940k
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR000147
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone and uncontrolled, repetitive, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles. Spasticity presents as upper motor neuron symptoms in patients with central nervous system pathology such as stroke, spinal cord injury, brain injury, or multiple sclerosis. As a result, a patient can have significant pain and limited mobility, which can lead to decreased quality of life and difficulty maintaining personal care. In this article we discuss mechanisms, indications, efficacy, and side effects of the most accepted current treatments. Currently available treatment options include oral medications and interventional procedures. Oral medications comprise centrally acting agents, such as baclofen, clonidine, and tizanidine, as well as anticonvulsants such as benzodiazepines and gabapentin and peripherally acting dantrolene. Interventional procedures include focal injections of botulinum toxin, phenol or alcohol, and an intrathecal baclofen pump. Surgical treatments include selective dorsal rhizotomy and neurectomy. We found that there are several treatments available with data to support their use, but many still need further research to prove their efficacy and develop optimal utilization.

Indexed as

spasticitytreatmentupper motor neuron disease

Identifiers

PMID25750484
PMCPMC4349402

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.