ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2015
The Duesseldorf warning signs for primary immunodeficiency: is it time to change the rules?
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A practical tool for differentiating Job's syndrome from atopic dermatitis: a preliminary study.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Article
- Graduate-level medical doctors in Uganda have limited awareness of warning, specific signs, and immunological investigations of primary immunodeficiencies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Enhancing the Prediction of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Integrating Jeffrey Modell Foundation Criteria with Clinical Variables Using Machine Learning.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Systematic screening for primary immunodeficiencies in patients hospitalized for severe infection in pediatric intensive care unit.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric herpes zoster: should I be concerned for immunodeficiency? A review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Nutritional status in pediatric patients with predominant antibody deficiencyBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- Development of an Expert-Based Scoring System for Early Identification of Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Primary Care Settings - the PIDCAP Project.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Novel Genetic and Phenotypic Expansion in AmelioratedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Current Issues in the Management of IgG Subclass Deficiencies in Adults With Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- Development of a primary care screening algorithm for the early detection of patients at risk of primary antibody deficiency.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Extended List of Warning Signs in Qualification to Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children and Young Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Initial manifestations in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Based on Onset Age: a Study from a Nationwide Survey in Japan.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Case Report: A novel IRF2BP2 mutation in an IEI patient with recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune Dysregulation in Monogenic Inborn Errors of Immunity in Oman: Over A Decade of Experience From a Single Tertiary Center.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Common variable immunodeficiency: different faces of the same disease.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2021Article
- Analysis of scoring systems for primary immunodeficiency diagnosis in adult immunology clinics.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Follow the complex bread crumbs: A review of autoinflammation for the general paediatrician.Paediatrics & child health · 2020Article
- Assessment of weight and height of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders and group of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.BMC immunology · 2020Article
- The Unique Disease Course of Children with Very Early onset-Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2020Article
- Complications Associated with Underweight Primary Immunodeficiency Patients: Prevalence and Associations Within the USIDNET Registry.Journal of clinical immunology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDifferent sets of warning signs can be used if primary immunodeficiency (PID) is suspected: those of the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF), the German Patients' Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (DSAI) and the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). A few studies have tested the JMF criteria, with unconvincing results, but the diagnostic models of the DSAI and AWMF have not been tested at all. We set out to establish the utility of these three scoring systems and compare them with our own set of five warning signs (Duesseldorf criteria).
designProspective study. PATIENTS: Two hundred ten patients admitted to our hospital between 2010 and 2012 with suspected PID.
resultsPID were found in 36 (17 %) of the patients admitted. Of the established sets of warning signs, the JMF and the DSAI had inadequate sensitivity, while the DSAI and the AWMF showed insufficient specificity. Our own criteria were analyzed with regard to maximal specificity and sensitivity (Youden Index) and sensitivity and yielded NPV of 0.89 and 0.91 respectively. Youden index revealed combination of five signs and symptoms: lymphopenia, otitis media >7, failure to thrive, failure to grow normally, pneumonia >1. For maximum negative predictive value the following set was found: lymphopenia, hypogammglobulinemia, failure to thrive, growth disorders, iv antibiotics and abscesses.
conclusionIn contrast to the new, evaluated Duesseldorf criteria, all three established sets of warning signs proved inadequate for preselection of patients for admission to specialized PID centers. The Duesseldorf criteria should now being tested in further studies.
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