ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2015
Dietary soy isoflavones increase metastasis to lungs in an experimental model of breast cancer with bone micro-tumors.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Anti-Aging Benefits of Phytoestrogens: Insights and Evidence.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanism of action of genistein on breast cancer and differential effects of different age stages.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Pooled it
- Genistein: A Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agent.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Soy and Frequent Dairy Consumption with Subsequent Equol Production Reveals Decreased Gut Health in a Cohort of Healthy Puerto Rican Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Polyphenols as a Diet Therapy Concept for Endometriosis-Current Opinion and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Nutraceuticals and Metastasis Development.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- (±)-Equol does not interact with genistein on estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Article
- Controlling metastatic cancer: the role of phytochemicals in cell signaling.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2019Review
- Thermally Abused Frying Oil Potentiates Metastasis to Lung in a Murine Model of Late-Stage Breast Cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Beyond the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer: the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2018Review
- Review
- Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Review
- Synergistic Action of Genistein and Calcitriol in Immature Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells by SGPL1 Up-Regulation.PloS one · 2017Article
- Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolomics of Natural Polyphenols Interfering with Breast Cancer Metastasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Food-based natural products for cancer management: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?Seminars in cancer biology · 2016Review
- Botanicals and Their Bioactive Phytochemicals for Women's Health.Pharmacological reviews · 2016Review
- Effects of letrozole on breast cancer micro-metastatic tumor growth in bone and lung in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 cells.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2016Article
- Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites for metastasis in breast cancer (BC). Micro-metastasis in bone marrow was detected in 30% of patients with stage I, II, or III BC at primary surgery and is a strong indicator of poor prognosis. The role dietary soy isoflavones play in BC with bone micro-metastasis is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of genistein, daidzein, (-)-equol or a mixture of soy isoflavones on BC with bone micro-metastasis using an experimental model of murine mammary cancer 4T1 cells engineered with luciferase. A small number (1000) of 4T1 cells were injected into the tibia of female Balb/c mice to establish micro-tumors in bone. Soy isoflavones were supplemented in the AIN-93G diet at 750 mg/kg and were provided to mice from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after cell injection. Bioluminescent imaging was conducted on day 2 (D2), D6, D8, D16 and D20 post cell injection and the results indicated dietary soy isoflavones enhanced the growth of bone micro-tumors on D8. Furthermore, dietary soy isoflavones stimulated metastatic tumor formation in lungs and increased Ki-67 protein expression in these metastasized tumors. In vitro, soy isoflavones (<10 µM) had limited effects on the growth, motility or invasion of 4T1 cells. Thus, the in vivo stimulatory effect could be likely due to systemic effects between the host, 4T1 tumors and soy isoflavones. In conclusion, soy isoflavones stimulate BC with bone micro-metastasis in mice and further investigations are needed regarding their consumption by BC survivors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.