ArticleOncotarget2015
Free ISG15 triggers an antitumor immune response against breast cancer: a new perspective.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding protein ISGylation, a multifaceted posttranslational modification.Cell chemical biology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory monocytes constrain YAP-induced cell proliferation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Dual Antitumor and Adaptive Resistance Mechanisms of a Novel HSP90 Inhibitor, SP11, in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Cells and DLA Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Interferon-gamma signaling pathway: Modulation of key genes in the progression of glioblastoma.World journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Identification of UBA7 expression downregulation in myelodysplastic neoplasm with SF3B1 mutations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Massively parallel interrogation of human functional variants modulating cancer immunosurveillance.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Tumor cell-derived ISG15 promotes fibroblast recruitment in oral squamous cell carcinoma via CD11a-dependent glycolytic reprogramming.Oncogenesis · 2025Article
- ISGylation: is our genome yearning for such a modification?Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Review
- Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated the landscape of breast cancer brain metastases and identified ILF2 as a potential therapeutic target.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Defining and targeting macrophage heterogeneity in the mammary gland and breast cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Multifaceted Roles of ISG15: From Immunomodulation to Therapeutic Frontiers.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Antagonism of regulatory ISGs enhances the anti-melanoma efficacy of STING agonists.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Radiofrequency ablation plays double role in immunosuppression and activation of PBMCs in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Resveratrol induces major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation in a STING-dependent and independent manner in melanoma.Molecular immunology · 2023Article
- ISG15: A link between innate immune signaling, DNA replication, and genome stability.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2023Review
- ISG15 targets glycosylated PD-L1 and promotes its degradation to enhance antitumor immune effects in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- An expanded lexicon for the ubiquitin code.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Protein ISGylation: a posttranslational modification with implications for malignant neoplasms.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15), an antagonist of the canonical ubiquitin pathway, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers. In cancer cells, ISG15 is detected as free (intracellular) and conjugated to cellular proteins (ISGylation). Free ISG15 is also secreted into the extracellular milieu. ISGylation has protumor functions and extracellular free ISG15 has immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Therefore, whether ISG15 is a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in vivo remains controversial. The current study aimed to clarify the role of free ISG15 in tumorigenesis. Breast cancer cells stably expressing control, ISG15, and UbcH8 (ISG15-specific E2 ligase) shRNAs were used to assess the immunoregulatory and antitumor function of free ISG15 in cell culture (in vitro) and in nude mice (in vivo). We show that extracellular free ISG15 suppresses breast tumor growth and increases NK cell infiltration into xenografted breast tumors in nude mice, and intracellular free ISG15 enhances major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I surface expression in breast cancer cells. We conclude that free ISG15 may have antitumor and immunoregulatory function in vivo. These findings provides the basis for developing strategies to increase systemic levels of free ISG15 to treat cancer patients overexpressing the ISG15 pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.