Observational studyAmerican journal of ophthalmology2015
Superior oblique extraocular muscle shape in superior oblique palsy.
Observational study in American journal of ophthalmology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Magnetic resonance imaging thresholds and diagnostic accuracy in unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy using the ESA method.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Can Binocular Alignment Distinguish Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome From Superior Oblique Palsy?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- The oblique extraocular muscles in cetaceans: Overall architecture and accessory insertions.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Detailed anatomy of the trochlear nerve in the superior oblique muscle.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2019Article
- Predictive factors for corrective effect of inferior rectus recession for congenital superior oblique palsy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Extraocular Muscle Compartments in Superior Oblique Palsy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Isolated schwannoma involving extraocular muscles.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2016Article
- Rectus Pulley Displacements without Abnormal Oblique Contractility Explain Strabismus in Superior Oblique Palsy.Ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Correlation between Extraocular Muscle Size Measured by Computed Tomography and the Vertical Angle of Deviation in Thyroid Eye Disease.PloS one · 2016Observational
- Functional morphometry demonstrates extraocular muscle compartmental contraction during vertical gaze changes.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Compartmental Innervation of the Superior Oblique Muscle in Mammals.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
- Size of the Oblique Extraocular Muscles and Superior Oblique Muscle Contractility in Brown Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Observational
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the superior oblique (SO) extraocular muscle cross section in normal controls and in SO palsy using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
designProspective observational study.
methodsAt a single academic medical center, high-resolution MRI was obtained at 312 μm in-plane resolution using surface coils in multiple, contiguous, quasi-coronal planes perpendicular to the orbital axis in 12 controls and 62 subjects with SO palsy. Previous strabismus surgery was excluded. Imaging was repeated in central gaze and infraduction. In each image plane along the SO, its cross section was outlined to compute cross-sectional area and the major and minor axes of the best-fitting ellipse. Main outcome measures were SO morphology and ocular motility.
resultsThe major and minor axes, cross-sectional area distributions, and volume of the SO belly were subnormal in orbits with SO palsy at most anteroposterior locations (P = .001), but discriminant analysis showed that palsied SO cross sections segregated distinctly into round and elongate shapes representing isotropic vs anisotropic atrophy, respectively. The major axis was relatively preserved in anisotropic atrophy (P = .0146). Cases with isotropic atrophy exhibited greater hypertropia in infraversion than central gaze, as well as greater excyclotorsion, than cases with anisotropic atrophy (P < .05 for all).
conclusionsCharacteristic differences in shape of the palsied SO belly correlate with different clinical features, and may reflect both the degree of differential pathology in the medial vs lateral neuromuscular SO compartments and the basis for diversity in patterns of resulting hypertropia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.