Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
The Relations Between False Positive and Negative Screens and Smoking Cessation and Relapse in the National Lung Screening Trial: Implications for Public Health.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comparative analysis of heterogeneity in lung cancer screening effectiveness in two randomised controlled trials.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Primary Care Provider-Delivered Smoking Cessation Interventions and Smoking Cessation Among Participants in the National Lung Screening Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2015Trial
- Missed opportunities for tobacco dependence treatment among U.S. veterans referred for lung Cancer screening: An observational cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Cigarette Smoking Cessation Among High-Risk Adults Participating in Lung Cancer Screening.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Observational
- Use of tobacco during COVID-19: A qualitative study among medically underserved individuals.PloS one · 2024Article
- Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2024Review
- Association between duration of smoking abstinence before non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosis and survival: a retrospective, pooled analysis of cohort studies.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Article
- The impact of low-dose CT on smoking behavior among non-smokers, former-smokers, and smokers: A population-based screening cohort in rural China.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Latent constructs identified in older individuals who smoke cigarettes and are eligible for lung cancer screening: Factor analysis of baseline data from the PLUTO smoking cessation trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2022Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: A Review for Clinicians.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2022Article
- Association between Low-Dose Computed Tomography Results and 1-Year Smoking Cessation in a Residential Smoking Cessation Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Integrating tobacco treatment into lung cancer screening practices: Study protocol for the Screen ASSIST randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- Impact of a Medical Diagnosis on Decision to Stop Smoking and Successful Smoking Cessation.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2021Article
- Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT in Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Lung cancer screening and smoking cessation efforts.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Review
- Lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography: a cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative programmes in the UK using a newly developed natural history-based economic model.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2020Article
- Association of invitation to lung cancer screening and tobacco use outcomes in a VA demonstration project.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- A Brief Report of Smoking Behaviors in Patients with Incidental Pulmonary Nodules: Associations with Communication and Risk Perception.Tobacco use insights · 2019Article
- Determinants of motivation to quit in smokers screened for the early detection of lung cancer: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Lung cancer screening-low dose CT for lung cancer screening: recent trial results and next steps.The British journal of radiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLung screening is an opportunity for smoking cessation and relapse prevention, but smoking behaviors may differ across screening results. Changes in smoking were evaluated among 18 840 current and former smokers aged 55-74 scheduled to receive three annual lung screenings.
methodsParticipants were randomized to low-dose computed tomography or single-view chest radiography in the American College of Radiology/National Lung Screening Trial. Outcome measures included point and sustained (6-month) abstinence and motivation to quit among smokers; and relapse among smokers who quit during follow-up, recent quitters (quit < 6 months), and long-term former smokers (quit ≥ 6 months).
resultsDuring five years of follow-up, annual point prevalence quit rates ranged from 11.6%-13.4%; 48% of current smokers reported a quit attempt and 7% of long-term former smokers relapsed. Any false positive screening result was associated with subsequent increased point (multivariable hazard ratio HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.35) and sustained (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.43) abstinence among smokers. Recent quitters with ≥1 false positive screen were less likely to relapse (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.96). Screening result was not associated with relapse among long-term former smokers or among baseline smokers who quit during follow-up.
conclusionsA false positive screen was associated with increased smoking cessation and less relapse among recent quitters. Consistently negative screens were not associated with greater relapse among long-term former smokers. Given the Affordable Care Act requires most health plans to cover smoking cessation and lung screening, the impact and cost-effectiveness of lung screening could be further enhanced with the addition of smoking cessation interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.