Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25745382›Full record

ReviewTobacco induced diseases2014

Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues.

Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Nicholas Hann, Andrew Wilson, Linda Worrall-Carter

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Tobacco induced diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. An Open Trial of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016
    Trial
  5. Article
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  11. Review
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  16. Observational
  17. Review
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  19. Article
  20. E-Cigarette Use among Male Smokers in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Muhammad Aziz RahmanSt Vincent's Centre for Nursing Research (SVCNR), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia ; The Cardiovascular Research Centre (CvRC), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
Nicholas HannThe University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Andrew WilsonThe Cardiovascular Research Centre (CvRC), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia ; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Linda Worrall-CarterSt Vincent's Centre for Nursing Research (SVCNR), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia ; The Cardiovascular Research Centre (CvRC), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia ; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Australian Catholic University · AUSt Vincent's Hospital · AUUniversity of Melbourne · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that vaporize a liquid solution to deliver a dose of inhaled nicotine to the user. There is ongoing debate regarding their regulation.

objectivesThis comprehensive narrative review aimed to discuss key issues including usage patterns, health effects, efficacy in smoking cessation and regulatory concerns with a view to informing future regulation and research agendas.

methodsPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms (electronic cigarettes OR e-cigarettes) for articles in English, relevant to humans and published during January 2009-January 2014.

resultsThe literature search revealed 37 relevant articles. Findings suggest that e-cigarettes are mostly used by middle-aged current smokers, particularly males, to help them for quitting or for recreation. E-cigarettes contain very low levels of multiple toxic substances such as formaldehyde and acrolein, but these levels are many times lower than those found in cigarettes. They were found to have effectiveness in aiding smoking cessation to a limited degree. Debate continues regarding regulating their use for cessation versus heavy restrictions to control recreational use on the basis that it perpetuates nicotine addiction.

conclusionsThe cytotoxicity and long term health effects of e-cigarettes are unknown. Nevertheless the e-cigarette market continues to expand, largely driven by middle-aged smokers who claim to be using e-cigarettes in an attempt to reduce or quit smoking. E-cigarettes may have some potential as smoking cessation aids and, in the researchers' view, should therefore be subject to further research and regulation similar to other nicotine replacement therapies.

Indexed as

E-cigarettesElectronic cigarettesSmokingSmoking cessationTobacco

Identifiers

PMID25745382
PMCPMC4350653
OpenAlexW2131478095

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.