ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Is There a Relationship Between the Concentration of Same-Sex Couples and Tobacco Retailer Density?
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Health-related regional and neighborhood correlates of sexual minority concentration: A systematic review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Exploring Factors Shaping Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Sexual Minority Adolescents.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Should tobacco sales be restricted to state-run alcohol outlets? Perspectives from 10 US alcohol control states.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: recognizing the role of the retail environment in addressing tobacco use and disparities.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Are sexual minority adults differentially exposed to smoke-free laws and televised anti-tobacco media campaigns compared to the general US population? A descriptive analysis.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Is Where Same-Sex Couples Live a Valid Measure for Where Single Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Live in Population Health Research? Results from a National Probability Phone Survey, 2017, United States.Annals of LGBTQ public and population health · 2020Article
- Association of Number of Indoor Tanning Salons With Neighborhoods With Higher Concentrations of Male-Male Partnered Households.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Tobacco use in the sexual borderlands: The smoking contexts and practices of bisexual young adults.Health & place · 2019Article
- SBM recommends policy support to reduce smoking disparities for sexual and gender minorities.Translational behavioral medicine · 2018Article
- The emerging marijuana retail environment: Key lessons learned from tobacco and alcohol retail research.Addictive behaviors · 2018Review
- A geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) mixed method for understanding substance use.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
- Sexual and Gender Minority College Students and Tobacco Use in Texas.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Inequalities in tobacco outlet density by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 2012, USA: results from the ASPiRE Study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Article
- A longitudinal study of persistent smoking among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in primary relationships.Addictive behaviors · 2017Article
- The inequitable distribution of tobacco outlet density: the role of income in two Black Mid-Atlantic geopolitical areas.Public health · 2016Article
- Relationship Between Tobacco Retailers' Point-of-Sale Marketing and the Density of Same-Sex Couples, 97 U.S. Counties, 2012.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco use is markedly higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations than heterosexuals. Higher density of tobacco retailers is found in neighborhoods with lower income and more racial/ethnic minorities. Same-sex couples tend to live in similar neighborhoods, but the association of this demographic with tobacco retailer density has not been examined.
methodsFor a national sample of 97 US counties, we calculated the number of tobacco retailers per 1000 persons and rates of same-sex couples per 1000 households in each census tract (n = 17 941). Using spatial regression, we examined the association of these variables in sex-stratified models, including neighborhood demographics and other environmental characteristics to examine confounding.
resultsResults from spatial regression show that higher rates of both female and male same-sex couples were associated with a higher density of tobacco retailers. However the magnitude of this association was small. For female couples, the association was not significant after controlling for area-level characteristics, such as percent black, percent Hispanic, median household income, the presence of interstate highways, and urbanicity, which are neighborhood correlates of higher tobacco retailer density. For male couples, the association persisted after control for these characteristics.
conclusionSame-sex couples reside in areas with higher tobacco retailer density, and for men, this association was not explained by neighborhood confounders, such as racial/ethnic composition and income. While lesbian, gay, and bisexual disparities in tobacco use may be influenced by neighborhood environment, the magnitude of the association suggests other explanations of these disparities remain important areas of research.
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